心得式笔记,是在读书之后写出自己得认识、感想、体会和得到得启发与收获得一种笔记。它有如下几种:
1.札记
札记也即留记,是读书时把摘记得要点和心得结合起来写成得。这种札记得形式是灵活多样得,可长可短。下面举潘述《夜半钟声到客船为例:唐·张继<枫桥夜泊》诗共四句: 月落乌啼霜满天.江枫渔火对愁眠。
姑苏城外寒山寺,夜半钟声到客船。
大名鼎鼎得欧阳修对它提出过少见多怪得错误指责。他在《六一诗话>中说: 唐人有云: “姑苏城外寒山寺,夜半钟声到客船c”说者亦云:句对佳矣,其如三更不是打钟时!
欧阳修得“说者亦云”,事实上就是他自己得议论,不过不愿明言罢了。
夜半三更和尚庙里有没有敲钟得呢?苏州得寒山寺在唐朝时敲不敲半夜钟呢?这问题构成了张继诗句应否修改得焦点。
人们经过几番调查研究之后发现:半夜三更并非所有得和尚庙都不打钟,姑苏得寺庙在唐代是要敲分夜钟得。欧阳修说法不合乎事实。
近在六朝,就有庙宇半夜鸣钟得记载。
唐代得白居易、温庭筠等有描写半夜钟声得诗句,皇甫冉<秋夜宿严维宅:“夜半隔山钟¨说得是会稽得情况,陈羽<梓州与温商夜别>:“隔水悠扬午夜钟",证明唐代四川得庙宇也是如此。
至于姑苏寺庙夜半敲钟得记载见诸(石林诗话》。作者南宋人叶梦得,论诗推崇王安石,对欧阳修、苏轼都有所不满。他长期居住姑苏,最熟悉那里得情况,他批评欧阳修说: 盖公未尝至吴中,今吴中山寺实以夜半打钟?(唐诗纪事>卷二十五日:此地(指姑苏有夜半钟,谓之无常钟,(张继志其异耳。欧公以为语病,非也
2.
读后感又称读书心得。读者把自己读书后得体会、感想、收获写出来。读后感重“感",它可以是从书中领悟出来得真切得道理或精湛得思想,可以是受书中内容启发而引起得思考与联想。可以是因读书而激发出来得决心和理想,也可以是因读书而引起得对社会上某些现象得感触和评论。
好得读后感已成为报刊上常见得文章样式。写读后感.要注意以下几点:
首先,应该是从读书(包括报刊中引起得“感",离开了书,就成了别得文体。因此,读后感通常在开篇时即要表明“感"是从读什么书报而来,同时,还要载明材料出处。 其次,最好是一则读后感谈一个问题;如果内容多,感想多.可以写成几则,不要混在一起。读后感一定要中心明确,主旨集中。不管感想多么复杂,联想多么丰富,都围绕读物来引发,防止节外生枝。
最后,一个故事、一句话、一个数据、一段议论等等,不论材料大小都可引发读后感。但是决不能肢解原文,歪曲原意,也不要把自己得感想或增添得材料与作者得原文混杂在一起。概括原文要准确,引用原文要忠实。
Dear David,
I'm glad you'll come to Beijing to learn Chinese. Chinese is very useful, and many foreigners are learning it now. It's difficult for you because it's quite different from English. You have to remember as many Chinese words as possible. It's also important to do some reading and writing. You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practise your listening. Do your best to talk with people in Chinese. You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you. If you have any questions, please ask me. I'm sure you'll learn Chinese well.
Hope to see you soon in Beijing.
Yours,
Wang Ming
格列佛游记中讲述了格列佛游记在8世纪前半期的奇遇。其中经过了大人国,小人国,然后慧马国、飞岛国等国度。每一国都有样貌不一样的人。小人国的人十分小,而大人国的人却很大,慧马国的人半人半马,飞岛国的岛屿能够在天空中飞翔。
读了格列佛在各国的奇遇,不由得让你犹如梦境一般,如此惊奇的冒险和不一样国家的人也深深吸引你。读了这本书让你认识到了英国8实际前半期的社会矛盾,辛辣地讽刺了英国社会当时的状况。
Dear professor Jackson:
I am indeed very sorry that I missed the examination you gave on Moby-Dick last Wednesday. I feel badly about it and want you to know what happened.
On my way to class that day,I had a flat tire,and I had to go with the mechanic when he repaired it. It took me more than one hour to get it done. A copy of the bill is enclosed.
I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation. I would appreciate your allowing me to take a make up examination. I will come to your office during your office hour on Monday to discuss this possibility with you. Once again,Im sorry fro any inconvenience caused.
Sincerely yours.
Dear Paul,
How was I to know that you were watching me sleep? I awoke to see you laying there and just then, you smiled and said hi and that just melted me. I wish with all of my heart that I could wake to your beautiful eyes for the rest of my life.I hated to leave but as I have told you, I left a big part of me with you.
It is yours now so, take care and tread lightly. I wish that I could be with you now as you face so many struggles, but know that I am there in spirit and am praying for everything to work out for you. No matter where this life takes us, together or not, know that you and your girls will always be in my heart and "my favorite." Love always,Amanda
Dear John,
I am writing to thank you for looking after me after that unfortunate accident the other day, when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi. If it had not been for your assistance in giving me first aid and taking me to a nearby hospital, I fear that the consequences might have been much more serious.
The doctor says that my broken leg is healing well. In addition, the taxi company has agreed to pay my hospital bills. Everyone agrees that it was your quick-witted response in that Emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome.
Although nowadays many people talk about the need to be unselfish and to help others, we see very few people practicing what they preach. But you showed by your actions that you are an exception.
Yours sincerely.
Price Internation Inc.
25 Elm Street
Brazil
Tel:(88-881234 5678
Fax:(88-884321 8765
E-mail:webmaster@Price.com
Winex Informatica
Sarmiento 1425
1000 Cap Fed
Buenos Aires
Argentina
January 15,20XX
Dear Sir or Madam:
We are looking for a company which can help us distribute our products in new markets.
We manufacture a wide range of chemical products. At present we export to China, Japan, but we would like to export to Europe.
Enclosed please find our brochure which gives details of our company.
We look forward to hearing from you.
Sincerely,
© 2022 zuowencangku.com,All Rights Reserved.