首先,要正确理解记叙文实用性和文学性的统一。记叙文不属于文学的范畴,它属于实用文的一种,这就决定了记叙文必须有一个明确的中心,也即人们通过对文章的阅读能有所认识,有所感受。但这种认识和感受不是作者用议论或说明直接告诉读者的,而是读者从文章记叙的人或事件中领悟出来的。这就是记叙文不同于其它实用文的一个特点――文学性。记叙文的文学性就要求文章具有形象性,作者的笔下应该塑造出一个个生动的、真实的艺术形象,不论写景状物,还是写人记事都有使读者有身临其境之感。记叙文的这两个性决不是孤立的,而是相辅相成的,融合在一起的,即记叙文是用具体生动的形象来展现中心,实现其教育功能和认识功能的。中心以形象为依托,形象以中心为归宿。形象塑造的越真切、感人,对读者的教育、感化作用也越强;反之,文章就没有感染力。如在"迎新世纪"征文中,笔者为了表现农民在科技指导下,在新世纪中的美好前景这一主题,塑造了"父亲"这一形象,以"父亲"的笑容为线索,从父亲辛劳一年无所得而沉默不语到在表哥指导下建成大棚而发出希望的笑这一事件的记叙来表现中心,全文并没有提到科技的作用,但从文章最后父亲那开怀的一笑中,读者不难领悟科技于农民的作用和带给农民的巨大希望。从上面例子,我们不难看出记叙文用形象来说理的特点,理解这一点,也是记叙文入门的捷径。
其次,要正确理解真实性与艺术性的统一。记叙文要求真实,但什么是真实呢?是否生活的原形就是真实,或者亲身经历的就是真实?答案是否定的。因为生活本身是繁杂无序的,如果作文是生活的搬抄,那作文就会是没有主次,没有条理的“天书”,而对于中学生而言,亲身经历的`事太少,不可能写什么文章都取材于亲身经历。我认为记叙文里的真实应该是艺术的真实,通俗一点讲就是让读者看了觉得有真实感的真实。这种真实它源于生活,以生活为基础,又高于生活,从生活中提炼出来。这个提炼的过程就是艺术化过程,它决定了记叙文的艺术性。因此,我们在写记叙文时,要对材料进行加工处理,有时只要细节真实,整体情节虚构也无妨。如写《国庆倍思亲》这篇文章,笔者没有亲身经历,整体情节只能靠虚构,但笔者塑造了母亲刻意打扮自己,打扫房间及买父亲喜欢吃的菜等几个细节,表现了母亲在久别的父亲将要回来之前的激动、兴奋心理。正因为有了细节的真实,所以整篇文章的情节虽然虚构,但仍给人以一种真实感。当然对同学们来说,细节的真实也是一个难题,这需要同学们多观察、体验生活,并学会具体生动的描写。
位置在下面称呼语隔一行,是信的核心部分。因此要求正文层次分明、简单易懂。和中文信不同的'是,正文中一般不用hello!(你好!
正文有缩进式和齐头式两种。每段书信第一行的第一个字母稍微向右缩进些,通常以五个字母为宜,每段第二行从左面顶格写起,这就是缩进式。
但美国人写信各段落往往不用缩进式,用齐头式,即每一行都从左面顶格写起。商务信件大都采用齐头式的写法。
《notre dame cathedral》 is one known far and wide romantic faction strength which victor hugo writes . i take advantage of this summer vacation free time, read this great work.
notre dame cathedral's story, actually was one at that time social epic poem, since brimmed with really. friendly. beautiful, also the flow selfish desire and is false. regardless of is good beautiful asmelada ,or has the ugly semblance, cacimodo with one pure mind, they represent the great amount the lower level populace which suppresses; perhaps is sinister coloud, he is appears by the theocracy face, all load bearing one kind of author's ponder.the author in this work, for with the clown, was beautifully friendly and wickedly does the best annotation, or take above three people as the example, the rebel asmelada has the beautiful semblance and the chaste good mind, as well as pitiful destiny, but cacimodo, he withstood destiny deceive nicely, the innermost feelings is his misery is graver, but coloud maintained the benighted social rights and interests, he had brutally. void mind and evil passion. good person physique hateful, but the evil person actually says the appearance shore however, bright set off, social unfair manifest.
but the article result also is when the opposition society until criticism: all beautiful is good all swallows by the might and the evil, the lower level people's weak strength in under the king power rule, in the benighted society, only can be reduced to ashes. was palatial notre dame cathedral, how many world tragedy testimony once, in hugo the novel, he as if had the life breath, he sheltered asmelada ,exposed coloud the crime, regret the populace attack the magnificent feat which dark actually heroically devoted...
another the question which is worth pondering is: who is the hero? asmelada or cacimodo? i think all is not, but is in the article by the louis 11 rank smell of blood suppression rather for sacreficed the populace gate, asmelada with cacimodo is not in them the representative, asmelada is loves with the beautiful symbol, cacimodo not many represents is unfortunate and the pain. but they, all suffer a tragic middle ages ignorant evil forces devastate, one each one painful soul is bleeding, flows the tear. merely is notre dame cathedral's above engraves " the destiny "? they are in middle ages france, despotism sacrificial victim.
the entire story rich tragic color, the plot intense is moving, exciting. author hugo through " notre dame cathedral " this story, but also disclosed at that time the dark society's essence to the people. this fascinating story likes that ccimodo clocks sound equally shocks several generation of readers' minds.
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Different people have different views on_____.Some people think that_____,whereas others aegue that __________.
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that ___________.For one thing,I firmly believe that ___________.For another,_____________.Just think of________,who/which_______.
Taking all these factors into consideration,we may safely come to the conclusion that______.Only if_______can we _______,just as the saying goes,________________.
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In recent years there have been many reports of ________.It turns a new chapter of _________in China,and will have far-reaching effects in the forthcoming years.
The biggest benefit,in my eyes,is that_______.In addition,_______.Finally,______________.
Apart from the benefits mentioned above,we should also face several unavoidable challenges.In the first place,_____________.In the second place,________.What’s more,_______________.In summary,we should_______________.
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Nowadays more and more ______are commonly and widely used in everyday life,ranging from __________to_____________.
The popularity of _______will have a great influence on ______.On the one hand,_________.On the other hand,__________.
To conclude,____________are just like a double-edged sword.With them we may________.However,one point should be kept in mind that we should make sensible use,always being a master instead of slaving of them.
如果一封信写完了,突然又想起遗漏的事情,这时用p.s.表示,再写上遗漏的话即可,要长话短说。通常在信末签名下面几行的左方,应于正文齐头。
注意:在正式的信函中,应避免使用附言。
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