1。hereby
该词意为by means of , by reason of this, by this agreement,“特此”,“因此”,“兹”,“在此”。此词常用作法律、经贸文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语,在合同条款中需特别强调时也可用,表示当事人借此合约,要宣示某种具有法律效力的“意思表示”,如保证、同意、放弃权利等,一般放于主语后,紧邻主语。如:The Company hereby covenants and warrants that…… 意为:By this agreement the Company covenants and warrants that……即:公司在此保证……再如:Both parties hereby agree that……意为:By this agreement both parties agree that……即:双方当事人在此同意……
2。hereof
该词意为:of this agreement,“关于此点”;“在本文件中”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:to take effect on the date hereof 意为:to take effect on the date of this agreement 即:于本合约之日期生效。再如:the headings of the sections hereof 意为:the headings of the sections of this agreement 即:本合约各条款之标题。
3。hereto
该词意为:to this agreement,“至此”,“在此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的`名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:both parties hereto 意为both parties to this agreement,即本合约之当事人双方;items specified in Attachment I and hereto 意为:items specified in Attachment I to this agreement 即:本合约之附件I所列之各项。
4。herein
该词意为:in this agreement,“此中”,“于此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同(中)的……,本法(中)的……”等,一般置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词。如:to file a suit in the court agreed to herein 意为:to file a suit in the court agreed to in this agreement 即:向当事人于本合约中同意管辖的法院提起诉讼;再如:to follow the terms and conditions herein 意为:to follow the terms and conditions in this agreement,即:遵守本合约所规定的条件。
5。hereinafter
该词意为:later in the same Contract,“以下”,“在下文”,一般与to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等词组连用,以避免重复。
6。hereunder
该词意为:under this agreement,“在本合约内”、“依据本合约”。如:obligations hereunder,意为obligations under this agreement,即“本合约内的义务”。再如:rights granted hereunder,意为rights granted under this agreement,即“依本合约所赋予的权利”。
One day, Paula and Richard decided to make a kite.
First they went out and found two straight sticks of the same length. They brought them back home and tied them with a piece of string into the shape of a cross. Then they took some string and used it to tie the four ends of the sticks together. Then, they spread some brightly coloured paper over the frame and glued it around the string.They stuck a tail made of paper to one of the corners, and tied a long string to the centre of the kite.
On the next windy day, they took the kite to a hill near their house and flew it.
一天,保罗和理查德决定做一个风筝。
首先,他们出门找了两根一样长的直木棍。他们把木棍带回家,用一根绳子把它们绑成十字形。然后他们又拿了些绳子,把木棍的四个顶端连在一起。然后,他们把一些颜色鲜艳的纸涂上胶水,粘在风筝的框架上。他们将纸做的尾巴粘在一角,在风筝中间系上一根长绳。
在接下来的一个有风的日子里,他们就在家附近的小山上放风筝了。
It was sunny and very hot today。I got up early and helped my parents cook breakfast。 Then I washed the dishes and cleaned the room。 After a short rest I did my homework in the morning。 In the afternoon I went swimming in the nearest swimming pool with my friends。 It was really cool to swim in such a hot day。 I surfed the internet and read a storybook in the evening。 I really had a busy and interesting day。 今天天气晴朗比较热。 我起得很早,帮父母做早饭。然后我洗碗打扫屋子。休息一会后我上午做作业。 下午我和朋友去我家最近的.游泳池游泳。 在如此炎热的夏天游泳的确很棒。 晚上我上网、看故事书。我今天很忙过得很有趣。
1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
September 16
Dear Zhang Hong,
How is everything with you I hope things are going well.
There is not much news here.I just go to work every morning and come back to my apartment every night.Shanghai is crowded with people,but I don't really know any of them.I don't like the city,but my job is quite interesting,and the pay is quite good.
What are your plans for National Day If you don't have anything special,I hope you can visit Shanghai.Come and share my apartment.It is quite large and it is near the theatres,museums and stores.
Write soon,and say you can spend the holiday here.
Sincerely yours
Li Hua
1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
夏天的鸟儿起得格外早,天空泛白,曙光初露,就已听到鸟儿在窗外鸣啁,翻个身,不理会它,继续我的春秋大梦,瞌睡虫迟迟不想离去,我也眷恋温暖的被窝,装作没听见,再眯一会儿,清晨慵懒的回笼觉总是格外香甜,有种赚到了的感觉,喜欢做梦,梦里像是在经历另外一个人生。
隐隐听到楼道里开始有走动的声音,鸟儿在窗外唱得更欢了,这回不是几声零星的呼唤,而是来了个合唱团在放声高歌,此起彼伏,你唱我和,呼朋唤友,似乎在用一场盛大的交响和声来迎接旭日冉冉东升,迎接一天的伊始。
鸟儿都已早起了,还有什么理由再赖在床上,我知道我也该起床了。
一天之计在于晨,早起的鸟儿有虫吃。
洗漱完毕,站在阳台,打开窗户,昨夜的雨早已收工停歇,天空湛蓝如洗,空气清新湿润,四处弥漫着草木泥土的清香,树木被雨水冲洗得干干净净,叶片绿得发亮,在阳光的照射下泛着点点星光。
时光总是在不经意间流逝,曾记得,窗前这棵郁郁葱葱的大树原来只是棵小树,不到2米高,弱不禁风的单薄,女儿也只是一年级的小豆包,天天粘在我身后,走到哪跟到哪;十多年过去了,小树不知何时已接近七层楼的高度了,仰着头才能看到它的树梢,女儿也上了大学,马上要远走高飞,这次轮到我来追逐她的.背影。
心中纵有万般不舍孩子渐行渐远,但依然殷切希望她能远走高飞,看到更大的世界,知道生活远不止一种活法,不止一种风景,不止一种声音。
只有熬过艰辛的岁月,尝过打拼的滋味,才算是完整的人生。
记得《肖申克的救赎》中曾说:有一种鸟儿是永远也关不住的,因为它的每处羽翼上都沾满了自己的光辉。
就像困在笼中的鸟儿被人把玩着,欣赏着,不愁吃喝,但它囿于笼中,也挡不住对自由的向往,哪天笼门未关,它定会展翅高飞,头也不回,飞向属于自己的蓝天。
那么,我能送给女儿最好的礼物就是翅膀,让她像鸟儿一样飞向山川湖海,纵使前路暴风骤雨,纵使相隔洋端,也要去奔赴一场属于自己的山河盛宴。
而我则在这里远远地守候,等待鸟儿飞累了,这里还有温暖的家可以驻足歇息。
青春不就是用来奋斗的吗?
这个灵动的早晨,那些唤醒我的鸟儿飞到哪里去了?
随着太阳升起,鸟儿便像是完成了使命,四下散去,只闻其声不见其踪。
阳光明媚,岁月静好。
又是一个充满希望的清晨。
美好的一天,从聆听鸟鸣、拥抱阳光开始……
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