Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
冬雪残,春日洒,枯老了一冬天的树上已然出现了绿,软软的,嫩嫩的。我看到它们柔柔的小小的身躯在寒风中咬着牙努力成长。真是春嫩不惧寒啊!我想起了运动会上我满是汗水拖着沉重的步伐冲向终点时的情景。
“要开运动会了,你参加什么节目?”校园中到处都是关于运动会的话语。我被老师报了800米跑。800米!对于我这种每天坐车上学的人,别说跑了,走我恐怕都走不下来!
时间一天天逼近,虽然练了几天,却一点速度都没提上来。老师对我说:别怕,不过800米,不到5分钟而已,不过就是带着一丝寒意的春风。
还是到了这一天。“请参加800米的女生到起点处准备!”我轻轻呼了口气,走向起点。和我一起走的女生竟都是又高又大!望着她们长长的腿,我低头看看自己的腿,叹了口气。唉!我怎么超过她们呀?我小心翼翼地走到我的位置,刚想长呼一口气放松一下心态,可“嘣”一声,枪响了。我被吓得身子一抖,没反应过来发生了什么,看到身边的人都冲了出去,便跟了上去。不到半圈,心中似是被掏空了般,腿脚也轻飘飘的,头却似千斤重,就像头要着地,脚想立起一般。我知道我是太紧张了,告诉自己没事,不到五分钟而已,坚持!腿脚的重量慢慢恢复回来,但却恢复得有点“过”。好重!腿脚竟迈不动了!抬头看一眼前方,那是起点处了。这么半天,只跑了一圈!接下来三圈怎么熬啊!体育老师说过,四圈中第一圈只用60%的力量,第二、三圈可以略微放松,最后一圈要用自己最大的力量,冲向终点。可是我才跑了一圈,就已经很累了。口中一阵腥苦,心中一阵酸苦,仿佛要吐出一口来。我开始后悔参加800米跑了。“加油!加油!坚持!”我听见鼓声和呐喊声,五十多人大声喊着我的名字,就似那枝干输给绿的营养和水分。尽管绿不想、不敢、不愿意迎接寒风,可枝干猛地输给它营养,它知道它不该浪费了这些营养。冲!可我落下太远,身后没有人,只有前方那么多的背影……
第二圈、第三圈,我始终没有超过任何人,也没被谁超过。又一次经过起点,最后一圈了,此刻我眼前出现了一张软软的大大的床,美美地休息一会儿,睡上一会儿。可再一眨眼,哪里有床?只有无边无际的灰色的地和晕乎乎地看到自己的鞋。我大口大口的喘着气,心仿佛要跳出来。“加油!”一个成熟干练的声音不大不小的叫出来——我最喜欢的老师站在我前方不远处,眼神中满是怜爱与鼓励。这声“加油”似是真的给我这辆车加了油一般,我眼前一亮,加快了步伐。我脑中浮现出刘翔的身影,他仿佛在告诉我他比赛时也非常累,心脏似要跳得把身体捅破。他也要想着自己要超越,但想着的是超越自己,于是便到了终点。我也一样,超越自己就好。眼前的灰中出现了绿!是那冬雪春日中的绿,是咬着牙迎接寒风的绿!绿告诉我应该和它一样咬着牙努力!绿战胜了一切,迎来了春天。
我前面的那个人大口大口喘着气脚步慢下来!我一咬牙,一下子超过了她。我不是最后一名了!我后面还有人!也会有人望着我的背影了!已经有人到了终点,我要努力了!虽不是最早开放的花,却是不被寒风冬雪击跨的千万绿中的一点!
终于,我也开出了花。它不是最美,也不是最早,但却是我心中最珍贵的花。终点,在我身后。
很久以后,每当我想起这个情景,都让我浑身充满力量。学习生活中,也会有勇气和力量挑战困难与挫折。
冬雪残,春日洒,春嫩却不惧寒。绿开出了花,我继续努力!
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
© 2022 zuowencangku.com,All Rights Reserved.