高考作文阅读规则【一】
2、运用描写方法的作用：表现人物性格，反映作品主题
3、运用比喻拟人等修辞的.作用：运用了……的修辞，生动形象地写出了……
4、运用排比的作用：增强语言启示，生动形象地写出了……
5、反问句的作用：加强语气，引起下文，承上启下
6、设问句的作用：引起读者的注意和思考，引出下文，承上启下
7、题目的作用：概括内容;揭示主题;提示线索
8、记叙文第一段的作用：
1环境描写：点明故事发生的地点，环境，引出下文，为下文情节发展作铺垫
2其他：开篇点题，奠定全文的感情基调;总领全文或引起下文，为下文情节发展作铺垫
9、中间句段的作用：承上启下的过度作用
10、结尾议论性句子的作用：总结全文，照应开头，点明中心，深化主题
11、记叙顺序：顺叙，倒叙，插叙
12、写作人称的好处：第一人称，真实可信;第二人称，亲切自然;第三人称，可以多角度描写，不受时间和空间的限制
13、记叙线索的形式：实物;人物;思想感情变化;时间;地点变换;中心事件
14、找线索的方法：标题;反复出现的某个词语或某个事物;抒情议论句
15、赏析句段从三方面考虑：内容(写了什么，选材有什么独特之处;形式(写作方法，语言特色，修辞;感情(文章的社会价值，意义，作用等。
高考作文阅读规则【二】
2、运用描写方法的作用：表现人物性格，反映作品主题
3、运用比喻拟人等修辞的作用：运用了的修辞，生动形象地写出了
4、运用排比的作用：增强语言启示，生动形象地写出了
5、反问句的作用：加强语气，引起下文，承上启下
6、设问句的作用：引起读者的注意和思考，引出下文，承上启下
7、题目的'作用：概括内容;揭示主题;提示线索
8、记叙文第一段的作用：
1环境描写：点明故事发生的地点，环境，引出下文，为下文情节发展作铺垫
2其他：开篇点题，奠定全文的感情基调;总领全文或引起下文，为下文情节发展作铺垫
9、中间句段的作用：承上启下的过度作用
10、结尾议论性句子的作用：总结全文，照应开头，点明中心，深化主题
11、记叙顺序：顺叙，倒叙，插叙
12、写作人称的好处：第一人称，真实可信;第二人称，亲切自然;第三人称，可以多角度描写，不受时间和空间的限制
13、记叙线索的形式：实物;人物;思想感情变化;时间;地点变换;中心事件
14、找线索的方法：标题;反复出现的某个词语或某个事物;抒情议论句
15、赏析句段从三方面考虑：内容(写了什么，选材有什么独特之处;形式(写作方法，语言特色，修辞;感情(文章的社会价值，意义，作用等。
高考作文阅读规则【三】
Make Up Your Mind to Succeed
Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure.
The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone’s winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive（正面的）than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PHD, calls them” the overpraised generation.”
Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research
has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here’s how they work:
A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent(才能 is genetic – you’re a born
artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it’s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.
On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent
and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego（自尊）isn’t on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it’s quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.
We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to live in the
world. But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets byencouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck’s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she
says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.
( 57. What does the author think about the present generation?
A. They don’t do well at school.
B. They are often misunderstood.
C. They are eager to win in sports.
D. They are given too much praise.
( 58. A fixed mind-set person is probably one who ___ .
A. doesn’t want to work hard
B. cares a lot about personal safety
C. cannot share his ideas with others
D. can succeed with the help of teachers
( 59. What does the growth mind-set believe?
A. Admitting failure is shameful.
B. Talent comes with one’s birth.
C. Scores should be highly valued.
D. Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.
( 60. What should parents do for their children based on Dweck’s study?
A. Encourage them to learn from failures.
B. Prevent them from making mistakes.
C. Guide them in doing little things.
D. Help them grow with praise.
Not everyone who teaches in a college or university is a professor. Many are instructors or lecturers. In fact，not even all professors are full professors. Many of them are assistant or associate professors or adjunct professors.
So what do all of these different academic titles mean at American colleges and universities？Get ready for a short lecture，especially if you are thinking of a career in higher education.
Professors usually need a doctoral degree. But sometimes a school will offer positions to people who have not yet received their doctorate. This person would be called an instructor until the degree has been completed. After that，the instructor could become an assistant professor. Assistant professors do not have tenure. Tenure means a permanent appointment. This goal of greater job security is harder to reach these days. Fewer teaching positions offer the chance for tenure. Assistant professors generally have five to seven years to gain tenure. During this time，other faculty members study the person's work. If tenure is denied，then the assistant professor usually has a year to find another job.
An assistant professor who receives tenure becomes an associate professor. An associate professor may later be appointed a full professor.
Assistant，associate and full professors perform many duties. They teach classes. They advise students. And they carry out research. They also serve on committees and take part in other activities.
Other faculty members are not expected to do all these jobs. They are not on a tenure track. Instead，they might be in adjunct or visiting positions.
A visiting professor has a job at one school but works at another for a period of time. An adjunct professor is also a limited or part-time position，to do research or teach classes. Adjunct professors have a doctorate.
Another position is that of lecturer. Lecturers teach classes，but they may or may not have a doctorate.
1．In which column of a newspaper can the passage probably appear?
A．Education.
B．Entertainment.
C．Politics.
D．Sports.
2．Which of the following positions should have a doctoral degree?
A．Instructors and lecturers.
B．Assistant professors and instructors.
C．Lecturers and adjunct professors.
D．Assistant and adjunct professors.
3．According to Paragraph 3，how long can an assistant professor stay in his or her position at most?
A．13 years. B．12 years.
C．7 years.D．8 years.
4．Which one shows the correct order for a professor's development?
a．An assistant professor.
b．An instructor.
c．A full professor.
d．An associate professor.
A．b，a，d，c B．b，d，a，c
C．c，a，d，b D．b，c，a，d
5．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Those teaching in a university are all professors.
B．You'd better learn about it before being a professor.
C．Those without a doctoral degree can't find a job.
D．Professors in a university share the same duties.
答案：DADA，ADDAB
