说明文对语言的要求很高。优秀的说明文总是用浅显的语言表现深刻的内容,即把事物的本质特征由表及里,由浅入深地写出来,使读者比较容易地领会问题的实质。语言确切,就是语言恰如其分地反映客观事物的本来面目,使人看了明白。语言确切,要做到用词准确,造句恰当和成篇严密。语言简洁,就是要用较少的话把较丰富的内容表达出来,干净利落,让人容易把握文章的要点,理解文章的内容。语言通俗,就是运用群众中明白通畅的语言,把抽象的概念说得具体,把深奥的道理说得浅显,把专门的知识说得有趣味,让大家都看得懂,都喜欢看。要做到语言通俗可以适当运用叙述和描写,也可以适当运用比喻
My name is Wu Yuwei .I’m 13 years old. I’m a Chinese girl .I study in Xinqi PrimarySchool.I’m in Class 3,Grade 6. I’m in Row 3. I have many friends in class.For example, Che Lei is my best friend . She is 13 years old , too. She is a good girl. We often help each other.There are four people in my family .They are my father, mother, sister and me .My parents are formers . They work hard. My sister is a student . I love them and they love me ,too.
Dear Lily,
How is everything?I do not see you for a long time, and I miss you very much. So I write to you. Iwas very busy in the last month, because I have much homework to do. The finalexam is coming, so I must work hard. Besides, I must learn piano very two days.It takes me some time, but I feel happy. These are my life in recent. And what’syours? I am looking forward to your letter and tell me about your life.
Sincerely Yours,
Carla
说明文都具有条理性。在说明事物时,要求头绪清楚,井井有条。条理性是事物本身固有的。各种事物尽管错综复杂,但只要经过仔细观察、分析就能找到一定的'条理性。
任何事物都有空间性。说明文抓住这个特点构成自己的条理,或者从上到下,或者从外到内,或者从左到右,或者从南到北,或者从远到近,或者从中间到四周,或者从整体到部分。在介绍某有建筑物的结构,说明某种产品的构造,介绍某一地方情况时都可以用这种方法安排材料,是读者对事物的各个部分和整体都有较明晰的认识。
即按照时间先后顺序来安排。事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程。有些说明文根据事物的时间性,把事物的各部分组成先后关系,这也是一种条理性。介绍生物知识的说明文一般都是先发生的先写,后发生的后写。介绍生产技术和工作方法的说明文,一般按照生产和工作的程序,逐一说明。
有些说明文主要是剖析事理的,在说明时就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排,或者从主到次,或者从浅到深,或者从原因到结果,构成严密的条理性。有些说明文还可以按事物的性质分几个方面来安排,这几个方面的材料就形成了一种并列关系。
How was your day off?Did you have fun playing volleyball?Iwas very happy in my day off.I went to the movie with my friends.That movie was interesting,and I went to my cousin's home.I played computer game with him.It was so great .I went to the gift shop and saw many nice gifts.Of course.I bought a gift for my friend. It was a really nice gift.Oh,that day was so great!See you soon!
Love,
Jack
水果有多种多样:有黄色的香蕉、红色的苹果、紫色的葡萄、桔黄色的橙子、淡黄色的香瓜……在所有水果中,我最爱吃苹果了!
苹果有好几个品种,我知道的有红玉、红富士、还有国光、黄元帅等等种类不同,它们的颜色也不一样,大部分都带有红色的,还有黄色的,淡绿中带红的;形状也有不同,有圆圆的、有一头圆一头带棱的、有鸡蛋形的。我特别喜欢吃黄元帅,妈妈说这种苹果只有秋天才有,而且它的保存期很短,在北方只有九月、十月能吃到这种苹果。它的颜色是淡黄色的,形状是长圆形的,一头有棱、象花瓣,用刀横着切开,又可以看到花形,特别好看;咬上一口,甜甜的,含在口里,滑滑的,象可以融化在口里似的,味道好极了。苹果可以直接吃,也可以做成罐头、苹果酱、苹果沙拉,都特别好吃。苹果还被称为记忆之果。“它含有微量元素锌,而锌是构成与记忆力息息相关的核酸蛋白质不可缺少的元素。此外苹果中的果糖含量为水果之冠。”你看,苹果这么好,难道你不想吃吗?
Zeng Qiao is one of my friends. She is a beautiful, outgoingand good-tempered girl. She smiles frequently. I think it’s her smile that makes her beauty. We live in the same dormitory, so that we always stay together, no matter going to classroom or having dinners. At first, I don’t like her very much, because she is always talking. It seems that she can’t stop open her mouth. I am a little bit quiet and introverted, so I seldom talk to others. But gradually, I find that she can have influence on others by what she says. Zeng Qiao likes sharing interesting things with others. For example, she likes telling us her funny stories of her childhood or her former classmates. She always tells me that I should be more extroverted and learn to talk to others. Under the influence of her, I communicate with others more frequently and I find that it feels so great. I am so grateful that I can have such a good friend.
曾巧是我的一个朋友,她是个漂亮活泼,脾气又好的女孩子。她很喜欢笑,我觉得是她的笑容使她看上去漂亮。我们住同一间宿舍,因此不管是去教室还是吃饭都形影不离。之前我并不喜欢她,我认为她太喜欢说话了,总是停不住她的嘴。相反我性格内向,喜欢安静,很少跟别人说话。但是渐渐地,我发现她是个善于用言语影响别人的女孩子,她喜欢跟别人分享有趣的事,那些童年的故事或是以前同学的事情。她经常开导我要变得外向,多试着跟别人说话。在她的.影响下,我跟别人交流也更多了,并且发现这感觉非常好。我觉得有这样的朋友很幸运!
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