列锦,就是只用名词或名词短语而不用动词、动词短语或连词来摹景叙事、抒情言志,给人一种似断实连、貌离神合的跳跃感,从而构成一副生动感人画面的修辞方法。
示例
《那山,那月,那人》
《情感·认知·文化》
《米粒·谷粒·汗》
班级姓名
Rewritethesentences.(注意大小写和标点)
e.g.Thisismydesk.→Isthisyourdesk?Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.
Thesearemypens.→Aretheseyourpens?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.
1.Thisismyschoolbag.(肯定回答)
2.Thesearemybooks.(肯定回答)
3.Thisismypencil.(肯定回答)
4.Thesearemyrulers.(肯定回答)
5.Thisismychair.(肯定回答)
6.Thesearemyrubbers.(否定回答)
7.Thisismybanana.(否定回答)
8.Thesearemypears.(否定回答)
9.Thisismydog.(否定回答)
10.Thesearemyeggs.(否定回答)
aboutasto
getacquire(knowledge/skills
offerafford(jobopportunities
expectanticipatechanges/difficulities
solvetackle/grapplewith
raiseelevate/heighten
mostimportantoverriding/override
combinesynthesize
supportuphold(ournationalvalues
deepen
weak
usetoomuch
becauseof
satisfy
learn
finally
right
know
miss
dotogether
boring
balance
difference
prettybutlessuseful
fresh
happenagain
good
difficult
perfect
urgent
sad
many/toomuch
fast-growing
maketrue
should
control
broadenone’shorizon
spendAonB
AisimportanttoB
finishsthby
decidetodo
sthisimportant
finditdifficulttodofuelvfuelconflictssap/one’sconfidencestretchnaturalresourcestothelimitattributeto/ascribetomeet/begearedtoward+sthdrawonothers’experienceendupdoing/endwithmakesensenaildownpassuppitchinsitthroughequilibriumecologicalequilibriumdistinctionnicetiesnoveltyrecurringpaindesirableundesirable:notgoodchallengingflawlesspressingbittermounting/awealthofburgeoningpopulationfulfillbesupposetoholdfasttoone’sdreamexpandone’soutlookdedicateAtoBAbeanessentialingredientof/bepartandparcelof/bethecornerstoneofBexploreeveryavenuetowardmakeitapointtodobeamilepostinbehard-pressedtodo/haveahardtimedoingsth
conflictbeatoddswith
few/littleverylittle,ifany
opposefrownon
befullofbeinundated/saturatedwith
todoharmtobelikelytofallpreyto/bevulnerableto
concerncausegraveconcern/concernshavearisenabout
meanspelldisaster/troublefor
makesthsthAhasrenderBsth
tootosthhasreachedsuchproportionthat/…tothepointwhere…mostimportantmorethananything,/andaboveall
growtheproliferationoffast-food/cybergames
seesthobjectivelyputsthinperspective
thinksthmostimportantit’shardtooverstatethesignificanceofneedsthnecessitate/entail
bedevotedtobebenton/upon
showmirror/embody
differentthewholespectrumof
turningpointbeawatershed
accordingtointheeyesof
affecthinder
ageera
aimtargetv
andalongwith/aswellas
andsoonthelike
appearmushroom/springup/sproutup
applyputintopractice
askconsult
aspectsphere
attachenclose
attracttempt/appealto
audienceviewer
basisfoundation
beabletobecapableto
beconvenientatone’sconvenience
begoodatbeskilledat
behelpfulbeofhelp
beimportantbeofimportance
benearbearoundthecorner
beobviousitgoeswithoutsayingthat…/itisarguablethatberisingskyrocket/rocket/soar
besuretobeboundto
besurprisedatbeamazedat
beuselessbeofnouse
bearbeloadedwith
becauseofdueto
becomefashionablecomeintoafashion
becomehappycheerup
beforeoriginal
buildfound/putup/shape
buyafford
byoneselfallalone
carefulattentive
causeattributeto/leadto
changemodify/shift/fluctuation
changewithvarywith
cheatingdeception
choosefrommakeachoicebetween
clearevident/self-evident
comefromstemfrom/springfrom
comeoutcomeforth
complainplaceacomplaintagainst
considerconvince/figureout/givethoughtto
consider…..importantattachimportanceto/laymuchemphasisuponcontinuegoahead
controlinthegripsof
cooperatejoinhandswith
decidedetermine
deepprofound/far-reaching
dependonhingeupon/counton
dependononeselfliveonone’sown
developcultivate/buildup
difficultybarrier
diligentindustrious
dogoinfor/carryout
dogooddofavor/helpv
dropdecline/ontheebb
eatlessgoonadiet
emphasisputahighvalueon/treasurev/valuev/cherishv
enablefacilitate
encouragespursbonto/motivate
endangerjeopardize
enforcestrengthen
engagemajorin
enjoybecrazyabout
enlargebroaden
enoughadequate
evaluatespeakhighlyof
explainuavelthemysteryof/accountfor/beresponsiblefor
facebefacedwith/faceup
failfrustrate
failurefrustration
fameprestige
famousprominent
famouspeoplegalaxy
feelingpassion/sentiments
findlocate
findoutsortout
finishaccomplish
firelayoff
fixinginstallation
focusoncenteron
forexampleacaseinpoint
foreverpermanent
futureprospective
getacquire/regain
getridofeliminate
givegrant/issue
give/supplyprovide…with
giveattentiontogivepriorityto
globaluniversal
goonbringforward
goalheart’sdesire
goodbeneficial
goodstudentstopstudents
goodsnecessity
greatenormous/dramatic
greatprime/utmost
greetingsregards
growflourish
happinesswell-being
havepossess
havearelationshipwithbeontermswith
hopelookforwardto
hopetodosthbeeagertososth./longtodosthhopefulpromising
ignoreneglect
illnessdisease
importantessential/vita
improveenhance/boost/upgrade
improvementadvance
ingroupsintwosandthrees
includemakeup
increasesoar
influencemold
intendtargettodosth./bemeanttodointerestedcrazy
interestinglywithgreatinterestintroductionprospectus
investigationsurvey
joboccupation/employment
joinmaintain/holdonto
keepmaintain/holdonto
killoneselfcommitsuicide
knowgrasp/beawareof/knowaboutknowledgecommand
leavedepartfrom
likepreference
limitconfine
loadburden
lookaroundexamine
lookforruninto/huntfor
lookup…inreferto
lowerinferior
makenervousplacestrainon
makeprogressmakeleapsin/pressforwardmakesureguarantee
makesurethattoseeitthat…
manyberichin/countless
meetruninto/comeacross
messchaos
necessaryindispensable
needbeinneedof
nothesitatefeelfreetodosth
notknowbeignorantof
number
obvious
occupation
offer
only
outcome
overcome
pass
payattentionto
people
perform
period
议论文要在全篇彰显文采,难度较大,稍微处理不当,就可能将议论文写成了抒情散文,背离了文体规范。但是在结尾处有意识地借助某种修辞手法,亮一亮自己的闪光点,在文末给读者留下文采飞扬的印象,展示自己深厚的阅读积淀及开阔的备考视野,不失为一个好的选择。或以比喻、排比、拟人、设问、反问、对偶等作结,或引经据典,借精彩助阵,创造自我的精彩,或引用流行歌词作结,收束如歌,旋律悠长。
【示例】
①多宽容一点,发生在你身上的是非就会少一些;多宽容一点,你的内心将更加的宁静;多宽容一点,人生路上的风景你看到的就会不一样。(黑龙江考生《宽容,一生的原则》)
②心态平衡,则生活平衡;生活平衡,则人生幸福;人生幸福,则永无大憾。(四川考生《平衡人生》)
③信念让沙石熬过蚌肉的蹂躏,蜕变成璀璨的珍珠;信念让天空忍住暴风雨的阴霾,奉献了迷人的彩虹;信念让花种不惧严寒的摧残,书写出春天的芬芳;信念让你我不惧艰难,不断前行,乐享人生的精彩。(湖南考生《精彩人生要坚守信念》)
④是呵,蝶失不是偶然。我们何时才能如梭罗一般,坐在时间的溪水里垂钓天上的星星,看大地寒来暑往,四季消长分明;看种子播撒信念,古树支起苍穹?(江苏考生《蝶失》)
⑤诗曰:咬定青山不放松,立根原在破岩中。(千磨万击还坚劲,任尔东西南北风。(福建考生《把根留住》)
⑥司汤达说:“我从地狱来,要到天堂去,正路过人间。”人间风云变幻,世事无常。然而,风物长宜放眼量,只要无愧于内心,一生,安矣!叩问心灵,“我愿意”!(湖南考生《叩问心灵》)
⑦很喜欢陆放翁一句词:“沙鸥相对不惊飞。”这固然是说人要少机心,但人若能对环境毫无机心,不事窥看,自然想必也可与人安然相对不惊飞了。(江苏考生《安然相对不惊飞》)
⑧我很喜欢一段诗,如今只依稀记得最后一段了:少年/让阳光照进你/你要明媚的笑/等我满身风雨后/回来认取。勿忘初心,且行且珍惜。(浙江考生《勿忘初心》)
【点评】例①运用排比,富有气势;例②运用顶针,回环往复;例③运用拟人,生动形象;例④运用反问,引人深思。例⑤——⑧都直接引用或化用诗文名句,借精彩来助阵,达成了自我的精彩,显示出高超的语言驾驭能力,在显眼处巧妙地向阅卷老师展示自己丰厚的阅读积淀,具有较强的视觉冲击力。
中学生写作议论文往往言之无物,容易陷入假、大、空的泥淖,文中无“我”,没有自我真切的感受与思考,因而以联系自我现实的方式作结,进行心灵剖白,就显得极为可贵,既能给人留下良好的印象,又能引起读者对自我观点的肯定与共鸣。
【示例】
①蝴蝶在黑暗中的栖息是静谧的,莫用蜡烛的光去打扰她们。花朵的绽放是自然的、宁静的,莫用照相机的闪光惊扰她们。我多想告诉每一个脚步匆匆的看花人,轻一点,慢一点,远远看着就好,别让你的影子,挡住了那一片花瓣的阳光。(江苏考生《静静呵护一朵花开》)
②我只愿成为一个不断长大的孩子,我有我的思想,我亦有我的童真:我不放弃纯粹,我亦追求缤纷。像那个诗人所言,我在我的世界里,保持着初放时安详的模样。听风涌起,待雨来过,我只是世界小小的婴孩。(浙江考生《最是那初放的安详》)
【点评】例①结尾回扣材料,以自我的感受作结,并把这种感受化为对世人的美好企盼,不矫情做作,让人易于接受;例②借心灵独白解剖自己的内心,紧扣文题,重申观点,强化自己甘做“世界小小的婴孩”亦即“保持童真”的执著和坚定。
当然,文无定法,结尾亦然。运用之妙,存乎一心。卓越的语言永远属于卓越的心灵,离不开善感的心灵对生活的体悟,离不开敏锐的触角对生命的感知,更离不开独立的个体对世界的思考。只要考生自觉培养“文章”意识,细心揣摩精彩篇章,拓宽备考的大视野,就一定能在高考竞技场上稳占半壁江山。
反问是无疑而问,明知故问,语气强烈,能够激发读者的感情,给读者造成很深的印象;设问是无疑而问,自问自答,以设问作文章的标题,能够吸引读者,启发读者思考,更好地文章的中心思想。
示例
《这个世界怎么了?》
《安能取熊掌而舍鱼?》
《林黛玉非不可吗?》
第四招 对比式
对比是把两种不同事物或同一事物的两个方面,放在一起互相比较,使事物的性质、状态、特征更加鲜明突出。
示例
《瞬间选择,永恒坐标》
《我是天才,还是笨蛋?--假如记忆可以移植》
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