导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
我爱这样的一群人,他们在你我身边,可你我却不曾注意;他们在为你我奉献,可你我却不曾感恩他们为我们劳累,可你我却不曾重视。聪明的你猜到“他们”是谁了吗?他们就是城市的“清洁工”——环卫工人。
当你行走在喧闹的大街,危险的马路上,是否注意过这样的一群人,身着橙色马夹,在烈日或严寒中,紧握扫把与簸箕,认真、仔细地清扫着你我脚下的土地。起早贪黑、默默奉献、任劳任怨的这样的一群人,是否进入忙碌的你的眼球?曾和大多数人一样我也习惯性地忽视他们,在几次与他们偶然的接触中,渐渐开始注意、观察他们,渐渐地爱上了这样一个群体。
还记得那年初夏,虽说是初夏也热得让狗直吐舌头,烈日下匆忙赶路的我,并未注意到一旁仔细扫地的维吾尔族大妈,远远看到公车来的我,掏出月票直直奔了过去,马虎的我连钱包掉了也不知道。直到下课回家摸口袋才意识到钱包丢了,就开始疯狂寻找,在曾去过的每个角落都去找遍了,但毫无下落,心里拔凉也不报什么希望了,不知不觉地走到了天天坐车的那个车站时,看到一位身着橙色马夹的大妈向我招手,便疑惑却又不耐烦的走去,刚停下脚步,她费劲儿地在橙色马夹的里面摸索了半天,边摸索边问我,你是否丢了钱包什么的,有什么东西什么的。我心里咯噔了一下,看到一个耀眼的红色钱包赫然地躺在她那粗糙的手中,我喜形于色都快跳了起来,我高兴地叫道大妈、大妈,你真好!并冲上去要拥抱她时,她却笑着闪躲了,说怕弄脏我的衣服,还说钱包里的东西对不对,少了没有,说自己未动过。我一下哭了,因为大妈的淳朴,大妈的善良,也因为我以前的无知,以前那可笑的清高而自己。一会儿我又笑了,在那笑中有高兴、有感动,还有那么一种爱,它深深地震撼着我的心灵。
我爱这样的一群人——环卫工人,他们不仅善良,淳朴,在为我们任劳任怨、默默地付出着。但是就是这样朴实的的人竟会遭到歧视、白眼。让我记忆犹新的有那么一次,我坐公交车回家,看到熟悉、亲切的橙色马夹便习惯地走到了他们身边站着,她还牵了一个可爱的小女孩,车上人多小女孩总被来往人挤来挤去,也没人让座。这时司机一脚刹车,阿姨没站稳蹭到了一位满身耐克的学生身上,阿姨赶紧说对不起,他没啃声斜眼看看并嫌弃地啪啪袖子,阿姨默默地站着,我无法再谈定下去,一把上去抓住他的书包,就喊:“你不知说声没关系吗,别人又不是故意的”。但这位学生冷眼地看着我,阿姨制止我别再说了,并说她已经很习惯了。我心里隐隐作痛,望着阿姨那经历风吹日晒黝黑的皮肤,望着那可爱的小女孩,我差点流下眼泪,心里有很多的问号,我们在这么干净的城市里生活着难道他们都无视吗?为什么人与人活在同一屋檐下会有白眼和歧视?这么一群人他们又为什么要忍气吞声?我虽然现在我法找到答案,但我知道我自己该做什么——我会一如既往地爱着这样一群人。
我爱这样一群人,我尊敬他们,他们用他们那最朴实的,最善良的心,在为这个社会,为这个家庭营造舒适、干净的环境而默默地奉献着每一天。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
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