To reach your readers in argument, you apeal directly to their reason and emotions, you present yourself as someone worth heeding, and you account for views opposing your own.
议论文中,为使读者信服,作者可以直接诉求读者的理性和感情,把自己表现成值得注意的,并对与自己相反的观点进行论述。
在一个安静的房间里,文具盒发出了一场争论。
铅笔傲慢地对擦子和刨笔刀说:你瞧瞧你们自己,你们有写字的功能吗?如果没有我的话,小主人就做不完作业!所以我的功劳最大!
铅笔话音刚落,擦子就不服气的说:铅笔大哥,就算有写字的功能,那也会犯错误的。没有我,小主人的作业写错的话,没法改正。久而久之,就会成为一个小马虎的!
刨笔刀抢着说:你们两个有什么用?铅笔要用我刨才能写字。切,铅笔有什么用?铅笔气得牙痒痒,刨笔刀又开始夸耀自己了。铅笔恨不得痛打刨笔刀一顿。
小主人过来了,对它们说:你们要团结才能写好字、改错。有句话叫:人多力量大呀!
它们听了小主人的话,都感到恨惭愧,再也不夸耀自己了。
好的文章动静结合、张弛有度有节奏感。句式也是一样,要有变化性,这不仅能使文章更生动,也是语言表达方式的需要和表达能力的体现。句式的`变化,主要是要注意两点:
● 不要从头至尾使用一种句型。
● 长短句结合。
由于语言功底的欠缺和惯用思维,很多人写的文章一种句式到头,如:
I think …
I hope…
He does it.
He will take it
这样的文章虽然意思表达出来了,却显得呆板,欠生动。解决的办法是:
1.间或使用主从复句。
Because he is very much determined, he will carry it out this time. (原因
比较:He is very much determined. He will carry it out this time.
2.使用分词结构句。
The weather being fine, a large number of people went sightseeing.
比较:The weather is fine. A large number of people went sightseeing.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
比较:Africa is the second largest continent. Its size is about three times that of China.
3.使用不定式句。
To be or not to be, that is a question. (莎士比亚
To study or not to study, that is much different.(引申
To do it well, you must plan it well.
比较:You want to do it well. And you must plan it well.
4.倒装句
Only when we fully recognize its importance can we have control of its essence.
比较:After we fully recognize its importance, we can have control of its essence.
No sooner had he arrived home than it began to rain.
比较:He arrived home. And it began to rain.
5.失衡句
whether or not he will come is still unknown to all the people present.
比较:No one present knows whether he will come or not.
That he has done it all by himself is known to everyone.
比较:Everyone knows that he has done it all by himself.
当然,句子并不是越长越好,也不是越复杂水平就越高。凡事皆有度。太多长句的堆砌让人觉得是买弄。有时侯,一个短小精辟的句子可以起到画龙点睛的作用。特别是在文末段尾。比如:
●As a creature, every one knows.
●Actions speak louder than words.
●Practice makes perfect.
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