线索:(1)核心人物(2)核心事物(3核心事件(4)时间(5)地点(6)作者的情感。
作用:贯穿全文,把文中的人物和事件有机地连在一起,使文章条理清楚、层次清晰。
好的文章动静结合、张弛有度有节奏感。句式也是一样,要有变化性,这不仅能使文章更生动,也是语言表达方式的需要和表达能力的体现。句式的`变化,主要是要注意两点:
● 不要从头至尾使用一种句型。
● 长短句结合。
由于语言功底的欠缺和惯用思维,很多人写的文章一种句式到头,如:
I think …
I hope…
He does it.
He will take it
这样的文章虽然意思表达出来了,却显得呆板,欠生动。解决的办法是:
1.间或使用主从复句。
Because he is very much determined, he will carry it out this time. (原因
比较:He is very much determined. He will carry it out this time.
2.使用分词结构句。
The weather being fine, a large number of people went sightseeing.
比较:The weather is fine. A large number of people went sightseeing.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
比较:Africa is the second largest continent. Its size is about three times that of China.
3.使用不定式句。
To be or not to be, that is a question. (莎士比亚
To study or not to study, that is much different.(引申
To do it well, you must plan it well.
比较:You want to do it well. And you must plan it well.
4.倒装句
Only when we fully recognize its importance can we have control of its essence.
比较:After we fully recognize its importance, we can have control of its essence.
No sooner had he arrived home than it began to rain.
比较:He arrived home. And it began to rain.
5.失衡句
whether or not he will come is still unknown to all the people present.
比较:No one present knows whether he will come or not.
That he has done it all by himself is known to everyone.
比较:Everyone knows that he has done it all by himself.
当然,句子并不是越长越好,也不是越复杂水平就越高。凡事皆有度。太多长句的堆砌让人觉得是买弄。有时侯,一个短小精辟的句子可以起到画龙点睛的作用。特别是在文末段尾。比如:
●As a creature, every one knows.
●Actions speak louder than words.
●Practice makes perfect.
辨别文章使用了举例论证、道理论证、比喻论证、对比论证中的哪些方法。其中,举例论证比较好辨别。道理论证一般指引用了名人做论据的。比喻论证指论证的语句采用了比喻这种修辞手法的。对比论证一般须找出正反两方面的论述。
答题时一定要在文段句词的前后找答案或找解答的依据。
(1能理解词语的表面意义,以及深层含义和言外之意,并能理解其表达的效果 ;
(2能确定词语指代的内容:一般出现在上文,找出后代入原文,看是否通顺合理。
在理清说明顺序的基础上,分析段与段、部分与部分之间的关系,就容易看出文章的基本结构了。如是总--分式的结构还要着重分析“分”的部分是按什么原则组合的,是并列,是递进,还是包含有总分关系。递进式结构要着重分析各层意思是怎样逐步深入展开的,是由现象到本质,还是由个别到一般,或是从结果到原因等等。把握结构后,最好能画出结构示意图。说明中心就是归纳出一篇说明文说明了被说明事物的怎样的特征,或阐释厂怎样的事理。在理清说明顺序、把握文章结构的基础上,再归纳说明中心也就不难了。
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