1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
一个朋友问我:“每次面对别人的不友好你为什么总是一沉没回应『我楞住了我是懦弱吗?不!不是!我只是不想伤害别人,不挖掘他的痛楚,即使面对他的言语我总是落泪,但我还是依旧沉没,一个人的难过总比两个人难过好吧!没有人有资格去伤害别人,所以那并不是懦弱,我只是不忍伤害别人而以。我也没有权利去伤害别人。
不知是世界变了还是我变了,现在的我竟然没有一个真正的朋友,也许是我不太善于和别人深交吧!多些时间喜欢一个人,一个人静静的座在草地上“朋友”一词在渐渐离我远去,我想我现在对朋友也不抱很大的希望。其实谁不想有朋友呢!好想和他一起分享快乐和忧愁,可以像他倾诉一切,也许我注定就是一个人走完高中生活之旅吧!真的好无奈哦!
潘多拉盒里唯一留下的东西,现在也许被释放出来了,要不然为什么现在人人都会用它呢!但好多人的用法真的不合实际“我希望上帝赐予我金钱和权利”“我希望我的成绩是最好的”“我希望我可以和超人一样天生神力”天哪!这些都是人类的'希望,只知道座在家里等,却不自己去努力实现,难道人们不知道希望+努力=实现吗?空有希望只是竹篮打水一场空,所以我们要的更多的是努力而不是希望!
我在别人眼里是一个非常幼稚的女孩,原因很简单我喜欢的东西他们都觉得幼稚,而他们喜欢的东西我有都不感兴趣,比如我喜欢动物而他们却都不喜欢,他们喜欢明星而我却不感兴趣。好多朋友说我单纯,没有被世间的风气所“污染”其实觉得他们只是把世界看的过于复杂了一点而已。我依旧按我自己的原则办事,无所谓他们用什么词来形容我啦!只要我快乐就好,至少我可一逃避“复杂”这个词不是吗?
When holiday comes, thousands of people pour into the tourist sites, they want to relax themselves and enjoy the beautiful scenery. But Chinese people have a bad habit, they like to leave some notes on the site, proving them have been here before. Such a behavior has been criticized by the public, because the leaving note will damage the preservation of the tourist site. Most of the tourist sites are part of our country's historical relics, these sites are priceless, it is everyone's duty to protect the sites. When we go to travel, we should behave ourselves. First, we need to have the idea that no rubbish being leaved behind when we leave the site. We should take away what we bring, keep the environment clean. Second, no any notes being written in the sites. Though in the old days, Chinese workers like to leave their names on the sites, but now it is a new world, we need to behave ourselves.
1。hereby
该词意为by means of , by reason of this, by this agreement,“特此”,“因此”,“兹”,“在此”。此词常用作法律、经贸文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语,在合同条款中需特别强调时也可用,表示当事人借此合约,要宣示某种具有法律效力的“意思表示”,如保证、同意、放弃权利等,一般放于主语后,紧邻主语。如:The Company hereby covenants and warrants that…… 意为:By this agreement the Company covenants and warrants that……即:公司在此保证……再如:Both parties hereby agree that……意为:By this agreement both parties agree that……即:双方当事人在此同意……
2。hereof
该词意为:of this agreement,“关于此点”;“在本文件中”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:to take effect on the date hereof 意为:to take effect on the date of this agreement 即:于本合约之日期生效。再如:the headings of the sections hereof 意为:the headings of the sections of this agreement 即:本合约各条款之标题。
3。hereto
该词意为:to this agreement,“至此”,“在此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的`名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:both parties hereto 意为both parties to this agreement,即本合约之当事人双方;items specified in Attachment I and hereto 意为:items specified in Attachment I to this agreement 即:本合约之附件I所列之各项。
4。herein
该词意为:in this agreement,“此中”,“于此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同(中)的……,本法(中)的……”等,一般置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词。如:to file a suit in the court agreed to herein 意为:to file a suit in the court agreed to in this agreement 即:向当事人于本合约中同意管辖的法院提起诉讼;再如:to follow the terms and conditions herein 意为:to follow the terms and conditions in this agreement,即:遵守本合约所规定的条件。
5。hereinafter
该词意为:later in the same Contract,“以下”,“在下文”,一般与to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等词组连用,以避免重复。
6。hereunder
该词意为:under this agreement,“在本合约内”、“依据本合约”。如:obligations hereunder,意为obligations under this agreement,即“本合约内的义务”。再如:rights granted hereunder,意为rights granted under this agreement,即“依本合约所赋予的权利”。
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