其作用是科学准确地解释说明对象的内涵,使说明更严密。
2.不是……而是……:不是大地归属心灵,而是心灵归属大地。因为我们都是地之子,厚德载物的大地是我们茁壮成长和诗意栖居的家园,是我们精神和情感的港湾。不是人使真理伟大,而是真理使人伟大。(罗曼??罗兰
3.……也……:亲情的生长,源自生活的环境,也渴望制度的保障。
4.……是……是……:尊严是生命的天赋内涵,尊严是人格力量的彰显,尊严是人生价值的标杆.
淡定是一种心态,淡定是一种力量,淡定是一种胸怀。
淡定是一种从容的心态,淡定是一种内在的力量,淡定是一种博大的胸怀。
淡定是一种从容不迫的心态,淡定是一种以柔克刚的力量,淡定是一种博大宽容的胸怀。
5.需要……更需要……:改革需要理念设计,更需要信心和行动;改革需要智慧和能力,更需要勇气和良知;改革需要激情和超越,更需要理性和务实。
人生需要理想和憧憬,更需要脚踏实地的行动;人生需要灿烂和辉煌,更需要平淡和从容;人生需要激情和个性,更需要理性和宽容。
6.需要……不需要……:我们需要自尊,不需要廉价的怜悯;我们需要理性,不需要盲目的激情;我们需要信念,不需要混沌和懵懂。
7.要看到……更要看到……:要看到民生是国计的起点和终点,民富是国强的保障和支撑。但更要看到,民生深处是民权,没有民权就没有民生。
8.没有……就没有……:没有姹紫嫣红的花朵,就没有美丽婀娜的春天;没有高远不俗的理想,就没有五彩斑斓的翅膀;没有明亮清澈的眼睛,就没有美丽无边的风景;没有坚定执着的信念,就没有诗意氤氲的人生。
9.没有……哪有……:没有天哪有地,没有地哪有家,没有家哪有你,没有你哪有我?
10.(需要)有一种……叫……:面对生活,我们需要一种姿态,这种姿态叫拥抱。拥抱灿烂拥抱辉煌,也拥抱悲伤和沧桑;拥抱鲜花拥抱掌声,也拥抱误解和争鸣。有一种力量叫从容,有一种脚步叫匆匆,有一种幸福叫淡定,有一种眷恋叫深情。
11.所有的……:所有的故事都有一个主题歌。但我知道,那永远不是我。
所有的故事都在诠释着今天,所有的历史都在当下发言。往事并不如烟,人心并不健忘,历史也不是任人打扮的小姑娘。
所有的智慧都来自思考历练,所有的尊严都来自人格风范,所有的幸福都来自淡定的心态和匆匆的.步履。
所有的人都是平等的,使人不同的不是出身而是德行。
12.……的……还是……:激情的里面还是激情,天空的上面还是天空,脚步的前面还是脚步。,道路的前面还是道路。
13.……而且……:只要树立了远大理想,就会有一种激情从内心最深处的每一寸角落里孕育、澎湃而且升腾.
14.最:一个纯洁甜美的微笑,让人想起春风中最妩媚的那朵玫瑰花。
15……:但……:贫穷永远不能湮灭亲情,但贫穷时时可能压抑甚至扭曲亲情。
心态虽然不能解决所有的问题,但如果心态不端正甚至消极、畸形、阴暗,那么人生注定会暗淡无光、荆棘丛生。
16.……着……的……:我幸福着你的幸福,孤独着你的孤独,牵挂着你的牵挂,焦虑着你的焦虑。
17.……和……:电视春晚的出现,曾经带给人们些许激动。但是很快就引发了人们的怀疑、疲惫和失望。
18.有……有……有……:每个人都应该有一双清澈锐利的眼睛,有一个美丽缤纷的梦想,有一颗淳朴博大的心灵。因为只有这样,我们才能坦然面对人生二字,不因懵懂愚昧而羞耻,不因平庸无能而赧颜,不因心胸狭隘而无地自容。
19.……的……的……的:爱是纯洁的,爱是博大的,爱是永恒的。
20……里面有……:爱里面有纯洁优雅的情感,有优美丰富的人性,有神圣庄严的责任,有阔大坦荡的胸襟。爱是给予是奉献是悲悯是担当,是永恒的人性之光。
21.这就是……:这就是生活,这就是人生。这就是生活的魅力,这就是辉煌的人生。
22.比如……比如……:要想为个性的成长塑造良好社会环境,我们就必须坚决摒弃那些压抑个性发育的陈腐僵化、没有出息的观念,比如不求有功但求无过,比如出头的椽子先烂,比如木秀于林风必摧之。
23.……对……的……:浑浑噩噩的生活,是对生活的亵渎,是对自我的放纵,是对青春的辜负,是对心灵的玷污。
24.为……的……:那一刻,我差点落下泪来,为他们稚嫩的脸上面向困难始终灿烂着的那抹笑容;那一刻,我差点落下泪来,为他们能在贫瘠中从容书写饱满丰富的人生;那一刻,我差点落下泪来,为他们的命运,为他们的坚强,为他们艰难困顿中倔强而昂扬的成长。
25.大……:伟大的人物也有快乐也有悲伤也有孤独也有寂寞,但那是一种大快乐、大悲伤、大孤独、大寂寞。因为他们不汲汲于个人得失,他们的心脏和整个宇宙一起跳动。
26.也许:也许花儿只为一人红,也许杨柳春风本无情,也许命运也由命注定,也许历史只是上帝遗落人间的一双眼睛。其实没有也许,只有真实的人生。
27.是谁在……着……的……:是谁在敲打着谁的窗棂,是谁在陪伴着谁的孤灯,是谁在谁的诗行里流连,是谁在呼唤着谁的黎明?
28.……着……着……着……:人生无处不风光,思考着、感悟着、倾听着、倾诉着……这一切都是快乐的。
29.当……时,当……时,当……时:书是人的精神支柱,它塑造了我的灵魂。当简.爱说:“我们是平等的,我不是无感情的机器”时,我懂得了作为女性的尊严;当裴多菲说:“若为自由故,二者皆可抛”时,我懂得了生命的价值;当鲁迅说:“心事浩茫连广宇,于无声处听惊雷”时,我懂得了沉默中的力量。
30.不在……中……,就在……中……:沉默啊,沉默,不在沉默中爆发,就在沉默中灭亡。
作比较用于突出强调被说明对象的特点(地位、影响等)。
其作用是使说明准确无误,令读者信服。
常用的写作手法及作用:(对比、烘托、欲扬先抑、巧设悬念、以小见大、开宗明义、卒章显志、托物言志(即象征)、寓事于理、情景交融、夹叙夹议??)
(1)拟人手法:赋予事物以人的性格、思想、感情和动作,使物人格化,从而达到形象生动的效果。
(2)比喻手法:形象生动、简洁凝练地描写事物、讲解道理。
(3)夸张手法:突出人或事物的特征,揭示本质,给读者以鲜明而强烈的印象。
(4)象征手法(托物言志):把特定的意义寄托在所描写的事物上,表达了??的情感,增强了文章的表现力。
(5)对比手法:通过比较,突出事物的特点,更好地表现文章的主题。
(6)衬托(侧面烘托)手法:以次要的人或事物衬托主要的人或事物,突出主要的人或事物的特点、性格、思想、感情等。衬托,同类事物衬托是“正衬”,相反事物衬托是“反衬”;以次衬主。
(7)讽刺手法:运用比喻、夸张等手段和方法对人或事物进行揭露、批判和嘲笑,加强深刻性和批判性,使语言辛辣幽默。
(8)欲扬先抑:先贬抑再大力颂扬所描写的对象,上下文形成对比,突出所写的对象,收到出人意料的感人效果。
(9)前后照应(首尾呼应):使情节完整、结构严谨、中心突出。
17、修辞方法及作用:
答题套路:这篇文章运用了XX的修辞手法,如“??(某一段话)”;运用了“XX”的修辞手法,使(能)“??”(套修辞作用)
注意:在写作时一定要结合文章的具体内容来写,否则就会很空。
附:常见的几种修辞手法的表达作用
(1)比喻:形象生动、简洁凝练地描写事物、讲解道理,增强语言的生动性、形象性、化抽象为具体,使人易于理解。
(2)拟人:赋予事物以人的性格、思想、感情和动作,使物人格化,使之更形象,从而达到形象生动的效果。
(3)夸张:突出特征,揭示本质,给读者以鲜明而强烈的.印象。
(4)排比:条理清晰,节奏鲜明,增强语势,长于抒情,使语言更有表现力,更有气魄。
(5)对偶:使句式整齐,结构一致,形式优美,音韵和谐,互相映衬,互为补充。
(6)反复:强调某种意思,更能突出文章主题,观点鲜明。抒情强烈,富有感染力。
(7)设问:自问自答,引人注意,启发思考。
(8)反问:态度鲜明,加强语气,强烈抒情。
(9)引用:使内容更真实、准确、深刻、精密。
(10)反语:增加讽刺意味,使表达更深刻,更有力度。
(11)对比:形成强烈反差,加强读者的印象,突出文章的中心。
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……
6) Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular.
7) Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that ……
8) According to a recent survey, ……
9) With the rapid development of ……,
10 When it comes to…, (当说到…
二、列举观点
I.Some people think/believe that…,
Other argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true
1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.
2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages.
3.Compared with cars,bikes have their advantages and disadvantages. ,
4.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience,they have many disadvantages.
5....has many advantages.For example,…
6. However,just as every coin has two sides,…has it’s disadvantages.
II…play(san important role/part in……
1.Computers play an important role in science and technology.
2.Computers play a more and more important role in our life.
3.Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies.
4.Education plays an important part in developing our mind.
5.Addiction to alcohol and drugs plays a role in homelessness.
6.Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
7.In the past,letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now,telephone,email,and fax have taken their place.
III.With the development of…
1.With the development of our economy,many Chinese families can afford a car.
2.With the development of our economy and society,pollution is more and more serious.
3.With the rapid development of Science and technology,people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home.
4.With the current social and technological developments,employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.
5.With the rapid increase of China's population,housing problem is becoming more and more serious.
6.With more and more women entering the society,people's attitude towards women is changing.
7.With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up, an increasing number of (a growing number of,a significant number of
families can afford a car.
三、陈述自己观点
There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements,but…
四、批驳
1)It is true that ……, but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ……, but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that……
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ……
7) Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ……
10) No one can deny the fact that ……
11) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
12) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ……
13) Recent studies indicate that ……
14) There is sufficient evidence to show that ……
15) According to statistics proved by ……, it can be seen that ……
五、结尾句型 :
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨沦的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one/a word,generally speaking,to conclude等外,没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型:
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ……
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……
3). We should take measures to control the rapidly increasing world population.
4). We’d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams.
5). The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse.
6). Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks.
7) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……
8) In conclusion, it is imperative that ……
9) There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help.
10) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ……
11) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
12) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
13) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ……
14) Taking all these into account, we ……
15) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear……
六、其他句型
I、There be结构
There+be+主语+(修饰成分,表示客观存在的'人或事物。 There must be a lot of fuel in the tank.
There remains nothing more to be done.
There is no point in talking about it again.
There is something you don't know.
There is not enough time to do the work. .
II、名词化结构
名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化,从而使语体更加正式、更加具有书面语风格。
1.由of连接主谓关系
That the earth revolves around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
名词化:The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
2.由0f连接动宾关系
One of the most important natural phenomena is that energy is transmitted from one point to another in waves.
名词化:One of the most important natural phenomena is the transmission of energy from one point to another in waves.
3.用of连接含有by的短语,把简单句转换成名词短语
比较法也是一种常见的论证方法,分对比与类比两种。
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