Dan Sperber和Deirdre Wilson的关联理论是在H。P。Grice的交际理论与会话含意理论的基础上发展起来的,他们合着的《关联性:交际与认知》一书中对其有很精辟的阐述。关联理论作为认知语言学一个理论给西方语用学界带来了极大影响。它将关注的核心投到人类交际与话语理解方面,其影响力已超出了语用学领域,延伸到翻译领域。因为自然语言中的每个话语都可以有多种理解,要正确的理解自然语言,就必须通过语境来寻找信息的关联,然后根据话语和语境的关联进行推理。而翻译中为达到语用等效,其前提正是正确地理解自然语言。因此,关联理论就成为可以指导翻译的语用翻译理论。
你是一个自律的人吗?是不是你以前在心中说过那样的话:你如果再那样下来就没救了。从今天开始逐渐认真学习,做一个勤劳的人,在说过这种话的几日内,你确实迷途知返、改过自新,早起早睡,给自己买来整套的辅导书,把学习规划详尽到每一分钟。但是呢?你坚持到底了没有?没过多久,一切又都恢复原样。
真真正正的自律是逼自身培养好的习惯。这实际上尤其简易,把微信朋友圈关掉,把手机游戏卸载掉了,睡觉前一个小时门把行政机关掉,当然不容易失眠症,第二天会起的很早以前,就如塞尼卡常说的:能自律的人,便是最强大的人。
古语云:“吾日三省吾身。”这就规定大家要常常的自身回望、查验,对自身的观念、心理状态和行为开展汇总,毫无疑问个人优点、优点,与此同时克服缺点和不够,确立前行的总体目标。
清朝官员于成龙在生活中极为朴素,江南地区老百姓岁给他们起了个绰号,叫“于蔬菜”,主要表现了他的做官廉洁。他在任官期内从来不送礼,还发布了《严禁馈送檄》。于成龙为了更好地警示自身,鼓励属下,在厅堂上悬联一副:“累万盈千,纵是朝中正赋,倘有侵斯,谁替你披枷带锁,一丝半粒,只不过老百姓脂膏,不用爱惜,怎知道男盗妇娼。”因而,于成龙做官几十年,真真正正保证了“清介配建,誓不会受到属员一毫赠予”。
培养自律习惯性,提升自律工作能力,提升质量涵养,归根结底取决于有梦想。一个人拥有崇高宏大的理想化,便会把自己和中华民族的运势密切的联络在一起,为此锲而不舍拼搏。
这世界很实际,不容易由于你可伶就要怜悯你,他人不容易在乎你有多勤奋投入是多少,仅仅在乎你最后立在哪一个部位?假如你不愿凝望他人,你就需要勤奋,就需要自律,就需要拼搏;假如你要让他人凝望你,你就需要投入他人大量的勤奋。
仅有明白自律,大家才可以自重自爱,才可以击败他人,超越自我。
(1) 不同观点列举型( 选择型 )
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand, ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
(2)利弊型的`议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目
______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____ 缺点二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
(3)答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, anotheer way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a
number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.
(4) 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.
Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
(2)利弊型的议论文
目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题
_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspJust As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题
into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.
( 3 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this pr______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concern
( 4 谚语警句性议论文
语 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our stu. ( also theoretically
______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____ With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语
_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
★★★图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the _____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases,significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to
show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned,
I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
要说我们班谁最自律最用功,罗昊必定当之无愧。
我第一次注意到他,便是在开学不久的某个课间,趴在桌上奋笔疾书的他,比起周围打闹嬉戏的同学们,成了一道独特的风景。
在普通学校,这样的人不多。我凑近去看,他正刷刷写着当天的数学作业,并且已完成大半。
真是个不同寻常的人!我想。便看似漫不经心,实则有意"试探地问:今天还有大把时间写作业,你想还有午自习,作业课,干嘛这么着急?不如趁课间休息
你想多了,略发闷的声音传来,笔尖的沙沙声仍不绝于耳,早点把学校作业写完才有时间刷题。
这罗昊的回答很是出乎我意料,我则想反驳,闷的声音又响起来。
倒是你,不抓紧时间写作业,聊什么天。
他成功了。我早已打好腹稿的语句被噎在了嗓子眼儿里。顿时,我有一种恍惚第一次,这是第一次在语言层面被击败!
再看看罗昊他仍然全神贯注地盯着那些数字符号,双眼似乎要射出火星,好像那些数字才是他真正的敌人,而我只是他不经意间战胜的小杂兵看着这专心致志、心无旁骛的奇异境界,我不由得倒吸一口冷气这便是努力和勤奋的力量!这便是坚定信念和自律的力量!
虽然罗昊只是在写作业,但我感受到了这种力量,他用自己的自律、自强的意志告诉自己也告诉其他人,他没有什么做不到的,他需要战胜的只是他自己。
这种精神更在期末复习阶段显露无疑,当他抓紧每一分、每一秒背诵题纲时;当他屏气凝神做一下午练习题时;当他不屑于电影之类消遗时我从未见过,那瘦小的身体果里迸发出的有些极端却又足以令人敬佩的力量。
毫无疑问,罗昊在我见过的自律用功者中,能排前三。在他前面,是五十多岁时初学英语,卓有成效的外公;五个补习班,累哭也要坚持的补习班同学;每时每刻都在默记单词,苦练口语,一周每天两套真题的备考者。他们的自律支撑着他们一点一点进步,也无时不警醒、激励着我。
不论罗昊同学最终能否成大事,我都会敬佩他。何况这精神带来的力量,便注定他不会碌碌无为。
自律,是千里大堤一沙一石的凝聚,一点点地养成,才有前不见头后不见尾的壮丽;自律,是春蚕吐丝一缕一缕的环绕,一丝丝地坚持,才有破茧而出重见光明的辉煌。优秀,是自律的结果。
自律不易,这个加长版假期里,它恰恰是我们最需要的东西。身边有形形色色的诱惑,无论是早起晨读,在家运动,亦或是上网课,看似简单,但一不小心就被诱惑打败。
曾经,我并不是自律之人。一段时间的懒惰与放纵后,我吃尽了苦头,也就痛下决心,立志变成一个自律的人,一个让自己满意的人。
有时事情并没有想象的那么难,我时时对自己严格要求。渐渐地,自律甚至为我带来了愉悦。晨光熹微,不待闹铃欢唱不等妈妈唠叨,我便起床。有时看见朝霞,无比绚丽;有时吹着微风,裹着花香的熏风让人心旷神怡。我读书的声音和窗外的鸟鸣似乎在唱和,这大概要算清晨最美的天籁了吧!以这样的方式开启一天的生活,我充满活力,效率也更高了。一日之计在于晨,清晨的自律让我清醒。
喜欢安静的我,跳绳是短板,可这是中招必考的内容。冰冻三尺非一日之寒,可不能到了九年级才抱佛脚,我决定跳起来,每天进步一点点。当绳子舞起来,当我纵身跳起又轻盈落下,当额头汗涔涔跳绳的数字却蹭蹭上涨,我发现,锻炼也很舒服。与其“瘫”在床上,不如拿起跳绳,虽然大汗淋漓,但身心都得到了放松。生命在于运动,锻炼的自律让我健壮。
学生的天职是学习。宅家学习更是拉开距离的时候,我让自己静下来,把以往的浮躁抛开。原来自律的学习也是如此简单。听网课时,专注地听讲并认真地记下笔记;写作业时,心无旁骛一丝不苟地留下字迹;课后,再多刷几套题,整理错题……畅游在学海,我的心中也有着很大的成就感。
“克制住自己!”我曾不止一次地在心中对自己说道,闲暇时间,克制住想玩耍的心,去看一看名著,便会被深深吸引;睡前时间,克制住想去拿手机的手,钻进被窝,然后沉沉睡去……自律,让我的生活更加充实精彩,也变得有规律。
当自律成为一种习惯,优秀还会远吗?明天的你会比今天更优秀,到那时你一定会感激今天自律的自己。
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