1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
2008年5月12日14时28分,我国四川汶川发生了一场里氏8.0级的大地震,仅仅几秒钟的时间,汶川的一切,都变成了废墟。有多少人失去了自己的亲人,有多少人离开了我们美好的人间,又有多少人变成了残疾人……这场地震震撼了全国人民,给四川人民心中留下了挥之不去的阴影。为了纪念这个特殊的日子,我校举行了防震减灾的演习。
早自习的时候,姜老师认真的对我们说:“今天,我们要举行防震减灾的演习,大家记住,当警报声响起的时候,一定要躲在自己的桌子下面或者旁边,双手护头。当第二次响起的时候,大家就按照出操的队伍,分成两队,用湿毛巾捂住口鼻,马上下楼到操场上集合,并蹲下等待老师清点人数。”同学们正聚精会神地听着,突然,广播里传来了“呜呜”的警报声,姜老师连忙说:“现在大家快躲到桌子下面去!”我们连忙钻到桌子下面,像地震真的来了一样。躲了一会儿,突然,警报声又响起来了,姜老师让我们排好队伍,用湿毛巾捂住口鼻,我们依次走下楼梯,手紧紧地抓住扶手,生怕摔跤。到了操场,我们立刻蹲下,乖乖地等待老师清点人数。待全校师生都疏散到操场上的时候,我们才统一站起来。
这时,操场上热闹非凡,大家都在讨论刚才的演习。
当操场上的人全部安静以后,教导主任严肃地对我们进行了安全教育的讲解,这次演习就圆满结束了。
通过这次演习,我学会了地震来临时应该怎样保护自己,还懂得了发生地震时,大家要互相帮助,共同面对困难,减少灾难对我们带来的损失。
2008年5月12日,那是个令人痛心、 难忘的日子,汶川发生了里氏8.0级大地震。在那一刻,多少高楼大厦在瞬间倒塌,多少鲜活的生命在瞬间消逝,多少幸福的家庭在瞬间支离破碎……
从2009年开始,国家将5月12日定为防震减灾日。我们学校每年都会在这一天进行防震减灾疏散演练,今年也不例外。
那天早上,我们正在教室里聚精会神地听老师讲课。突然,广播里传来了“呜—呜—呜—”的警报声,我们立即双手护头,躲到桌子底下。过了一会儿,广播里又传来了像公鸡打鸣似的报警声,我们赶紧用毛巾捂住口鼻,快速地在走廊上排成两路纵队,在唐老师的指挥下,弓着身子,按照指定的路线快速有序地撤离到操场上。几分钟后,警报声解除了,安保处的朱华老师对这次演练进行了总结。
通过这次演练,我知道了在灾难来临时,我们要冷静面对,在平时的时候,要多学习一些防震减灾的知识,提高自我保护的意识。同时,我更感受到了生命的脆弱和可贵,我们要珍惜生命!
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