“什么是生物?人从哪里来?细胞是什么?又是怎样的?”一连串问题经常浮现在我的脑海里。从小我就对这些问题十分感兴趣,总爱向大人们问这问那,可他们的回答总是:“长大后你就知道了!”
上了初中后,我开始学习生物。渐渐的,我开始明白许多道理,也弄清了我那些奇思妙想的问题的答案。我迷上了这门学科,或许是因为觉得新鲜吧,也可能是对此有极大的兴趣吧,对我来说,最喜欢的就是到生物实验室去做实验。但是,仅仅是课堂上的实验并不能满足我的,于是,我进了生物兴趣班。
在那个宽敞明亮的生物实验室里,我认识了许多新“朋友”:碘液、烧杯、试管、显微镜……接着,在他们的帮助下,我解决了许多问题。我终于看到了显微镜下的细胞,我终于看到了世间不少稀奇的东西。
原来在这美丽的世界里,还存在着许多肉眼所看不见的东西。在这里,我懂得了与同学合作的重要性;在这里,我体会到动手动脑的乐趣;在这里,我探索属于我们的小小世界;在这里,我明白了也体会到了那种打开智慧之门的乐趣。或许对于我来说,做实验是一种不可多得的乐事。
有人说:“参加兴趣班可是会浪费时间,影响学习的!”我却不那么认为,因为对我来说,甚至是对所有的生物班同学来说,这完全是学习的一种放松,可又不能这么说,因为我们也是在学习,也就是:我们在玩中学,学中玩。
其实有时候,我也为参加兴趣班而感到自豪。记得有一次,我们在科代表的带领下来到生物实验室,这节课是用显微镜观察细胞,对别的同学来说是十分生疏的,但对几个上兴趣班的同学来说,都是“老朋友”了。因为熟悉,我早早做完实验,在那里看课本,可是我发现周围的同学都在那里皱眉头,于是,我主动上前去帮助他们做实验。听着同学们的赞叹,看着他们钦佩的眼光,我感到很自豪。
总而言之,是生物课给我带来乐趣;是生物课让我学会团结;是生物课让我满足;也更是生物课,带我进入另一个神奇而美妙的世界!
Dear Sir or Madam:
In my capacity as the chairman of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, the School of Life Science, Nankai University, I deem it a pleasure to recommend Mr. Bruce Liu as a worthy candidate for graduate studies at the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of your esteemed university.
Over the past four years, I delivered two important courses Genetics and Cell Engineering to the Mr. Liu‘s class and his performance was impressive. He is endowed with a strong curiosity in the quest for new knowledge. Before attending each class, he would make full preparations so that he could quickly assimilate what was being taught. Sometimes he could come up with some surprisingly thought-provocative questions and he had a habit of discussing important problems with me in great detail. During those discussions, he often brought with him valuable materials that he obtained from a large quantity of technical literature. Such an initiative enabled him to broaden his ken of knowledge extensively and to cultivate and significantly improve his ability in reading technical literature in English and to follow the latest scientific and technological development in the world. Therefore, even before he graduated, he had already distinguished himself from the rest of his classmates in his English proficiency. Furthermore, his indefatigable spirit of reading large amount of technical materials was not simply intended to secure high scores in his coursework, but more importantly, to satisfy his almost insatiable interest in biology.
Apart from this, I was also very impressed by Mr. Liu‘s hands-on ability in conducting experiments. For many complicated experiments, he undertook them with a rigorous and conscientious attitude and would always complete them satisfactorily. In dealing with crucial steps involved in the experiments, he tended to make bold hypotheses and conduct substantial observations, ultimately achieving remarkable results. All those testify to Mr. Liu‘s tremendous potential in academic research, especially in his analytical skills and in the execution of experimental procedures.
In addition to his scholastic aptitudes, Mr. Liu can be described as trustworthy in personality. His kind-hearted nature and his integrity have created many friends for him. By no means a bookworm, Mr. Liu took an active part in extracurricular activities in which he enhanced his group spirit and the sense of collectivism. His willingness to assist his classmates has brought him a very high reputation.
To summarize, Mr. Liu has been an outstanding student in our department and he is fully qualified to undertake high-level studies in a more challenging environment. His excellent qualities will undoubtedly facilitate him in achieving satisfactory results in his future academic pursuit and in his career.
Yours Sincerely
Professor and Chairman of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department
Nankai University
为单层膜围成的小泡,是分解蛋白质、核酸、多糖的细胞器。内含多种水解酶,可分解从外面进入到细胞内的物质,也可消化局部细胞器或整个细胞。
1、分生组织的概念:指植物体内保留的具有持久分裂能力的组织。
2、分生组织组成细胞的特点:细胞壁薄、体积小、原生质浓厚、细胞核大、液泡不明显。
3、分生组织的类型:
按位置分:
1)顶端分生组织分布于根、茎顶端形成初生植物体。
2)侧生分生组织分布于双子叶植物和裸子植物根、茎侧面形成植物体的次生结构。
3)居间分生组织位于植物顶端分生组织被成熟组织隔离而保留下来的部分。
按来源和性质分:
1)原生分生组织直接由植物胚胎里的细胞分裂保留下来的组织。
2)初生分生组织由原分生组织衍生细胞组成,已出现了分化,仍具有分裂能力。
3)次生分生组织由成熟组织经反分化成为具分裂能力的细胞。分为:维管形成层和木栓形成层。
4、组织的形成:成熟组织和非分生组织分生组织衍生的大部分细胞,逐渐丧失分裂能力,进一步生长和分化,形成的其它各种组织。
胞间 连丝:是连接相邻两个植物细胞的跨细胞的细胞器,是植物细胞间物质和信息交流的直接通道,行使水分、营养物质、小信号分子以及大分子的胞间运输功能。
初生纹孔场:初生壁的厚度往往是不均匀的,常有一些凹陷区域,其内有许多胞间连丝通过,这个区域称为初生纹孔场。
纹 孔:次生壁形成时,往往在原有的初生纹孔场处不形成次生壁,这种只有中层和初生壁隔,而没有次生壁的较薄的区域为纹孔。
1:细胞周期:一次细胞分裂中期到下一次分裂中期的全部历程。包括:分裂间期和分裂期两个阶段。
2:分裂间期:前一次分裂结束到下一次分裂开始的一段时间。包括:复制前期、复制期和复制后期。
3:细胞分裂的三种形式:有丝分裂,减数分裂,无丝分裂。
4:有丝分裂:
特点:1)多数发生在植物体细胞中。
2)两个过程:一是核分裂,二是胞质分裂。
3)分裂后形成两个新的完整的细胞,与原细胞相同。主要作用是生长发
育和新陈代谢 。
5:减数分裂:
特点:1)与有性生殖有关,多数发生在性细胞中,分裂后产生生殖细胞。
2)细胞连续分裂两次;DNA复制一次。
3)一个母细胞分裂两次产生4个子细胞。
4)染色体数目减半。
根据质体的色素分为:白色体、有色体和叶绿体。白色体根据储存的物质不同又分为造粉质体,蛋白质体,油体。
学习生物的感触自打初一开始,我们便有了生物这门课程,直到初二的学习,我对他有了很深的情感,我也产生了许多的感触。
生物学系非常奇妙的学科,他介绍了万物的发展和规律,尤其我喜欢“自然界的动物”这一节,他为我们介绍了自然界各种各样的动物,让我感受到了动物的丰富性与多样性,富有趣味!比如生物书中我最喜欢的一个问题:为什么大鯢叫做娃娃鱼呢?原因很简单,因为他在叫的时候声音很像娃娃在哭泣时发出来的,所以把它叫做娃娃鱼,这是多么有趣的自然现象啊!
在上学期的课本中,我们学习了人的人体,这一节让我感受到了人体内部的精密,这是机器人,是现代机器人无法比拟的,同时,这也是现代机器人将要进步的方向和发展的前景。有一个问题是这样问的:为什么手上有这么多的褶皱呢?原因是因为在远古时期,人类需要打磨器具,所以弄了这些褶皱,才使我们有了摩擦力,更好的来生产和工作。更令我惊奇的是,如果把一个人的小肠平铺开来,它的表面积,也将会有一个足球场那么大!
生物是自然界中的最有趣的一门学科,它教我懂得自然现象的神奇,以及我们生活生态圈的生物的多样性。
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