i read the book written by luxun .it is called zhaohuaxishi. it includes 10 short articles about the writers stories .they are based on his own experience , when i read this book ,i feel very happy to see luxuns childhood. it was diffrent from ours,so we may find it intersting and exciting. luxuns langange is very great but maybe difficult to understand . but through his words ,we can find his happiness in his heart .
there is a shop at the north gate. when you go into the park through the north gate, you will find a large square on your right and you will see lots of trees and flowers around you. in the west of the park, there is a playground.
sometimes some children fly kites on it and some people sit on the grass and chat. in the middle of the park, there is a lake. there are many boats on it. there is a hill in the east of the park.
the park is very beautiful. i love it very much. will you come to visit it some day?
Father's Day
Yesterday was Father's Day. I had planned to give my father a present. But I didn't remember it until in the morning.It was too late to post a card to him. So I decided to buy something. When I was in the department store. I found it was not easy for me to choose something right for him. Suddenly I
got an idea. I ran home and opened my computer. I made a beautiful card and mailed him through the Internet. then I began to make supper. When father came home, he was very glad to find a big meal on the table. then I asked him to check his e-mail. He was amazed to find a beautiful card in his e-mail-box.
What a wonderful surprise!
②人到40岁时,负重关节都会有一些骨关节炎的病理改变。一些过度使用的情况,比如职业损伤、运动过量等,关节会提前到达使用寿命,提早出现骨关节炎。除人之外, 差不多所有脊推动物都会发生骨关节炎,只有两种呈倒悬体位的哺乳动物不患此病,那就是蝙蝠和树獭。这种普遍性提示我们,与其说骨关节炎是一种疾病,不如说是一种关节对于磨损的自然反应。大多数关节炎都与关节达到使用寿命有关(骨关节炎),一些少见的关节炎则是由于免疫系统紊乱而攻击自身关节组织所致(自身免疫性关节炎),此外也有微生物感染所导致的化脓性关节炎,但没有因为寒冷导致的关节炎。关节炎患者在受凉后可能会出现关节疼痛的症状,让人误以为寒冷是导致关节炎的霏龙祸首。
③老百姓常说的“关节炎”或者“风湿”其实在医学上多为骨关节炎。骨关节炎是发病率最高的骨关节病。根据国外资料,在X线普查中,55岁以上有骨关节炎的X线表现者高达80%,而65岁以上人群中,骨关节炎的临床患病率达68%。为什么骨关节炎这么普遍呢?
④人体的关节也和很多商品一样有“使用寿命”,如果年龄达到了关节的使用寿命, 关节处的软骨会变薄,软化、失去弹性,甚至碎裂、剥脱,软骨下的骨质增生并形成骨赘(即所谓“骨刺”),最终导致关节疼痛、关节僵硬和活动受限,这便是骨关节炎。
⑤高龄、肥胖、雌激素缺乏、骨密度异常(骨质疏松与骨硬化)、过度运动、吸烟、维生素D缺乏,以及创伤、关节形态异常、关节周围肌肉无力、反复的应力负荷等机械因素,是目前已知的几乎所有骨关节炎发病的危险因素,但没有证据表明寒冷是骨关节炎的危险因素。
⑥关节炎的主要临床表现之一便是关节痛,而疼痛加重往往和天气变化、潮湿受凉有关,为什么会出现这种情况,目前学界还存在争论.新近的研究证实了骨关节炎患者膝关节疼痛的程度分别和环境温度和气压的变化有关,尽管这种关联强度不是很强。研究者还认为关节疼痛可能与关节周围组织的顺应性,关节液的粘滯性,以及关节周围毛细管通透性的改变有关。但也有人不以为然,认为是精神心理因素在其中扮演了重要作用。由于天气变化对人的情绪产生影响,而负面情绪可以降低疼痛阈值,因此使人感受到疼痛,也许正是寒冷时关节炎患者的关节疼痛加重,才使大家误认为寒冷是患上关节炎的原因吧.
(选自《科学之友》2016年第7期,有删改)
9.填空。(6分)
(1 第②段中所说的“这种普遍性”是指_____ 。(2分
(2 第③段画线的句子是为了印证 _____ 这一结论。(2分
(3 从全文来看,造成关节炎的'主要因素是_______ (2分
10.下列各句对原文的理解与分析,不正确的一项是( )(3分)
A.蝙鎘和树獭不得关节炎病是因为它们的身体呈倒悬状。
B.免疫系统紊乱或微生物感染是关节炎病的罪魁祸首。
C.“骨刺”的产生主要与骨关节的“使用寿命”有关?。
D.天气寒冷会导致关节疼痛这种说法或许是有道理的。
参考答案:
9. (6分)(1除编蝠和树獺外,所有脊椎动会发生骨关节炎(2分)(2背关节炎是发病率最商的骨关节病(骨关节炎十分普遍)(2分)(3年龄(关节的使用寿命)(2分①生理因素:与关节周围组织的顺应性、关节液的粘滞性,以及关节周围毛细管通透性的改变有关。(1分)②精神心理因素:负面情绪可以降任疼痛阈值。(1分)
10. (3 分)B
To Wang Lun is written by Li Bai who among other poets stands out in the halls of glory.
One day, Li Bai goes on abroad. He is about to sail when there’s stamping and singing on shore.
Oh! Here comes Wang Lun to see him off, who is Li Bai’s best friend. Li Bai is very excited to see his best friend at this leaving moment. But he is sad, either. So he can’t say a simple sentence. He knows that words can’t express their friendship. Although the Peach Blossom Pool is one thousand feet deep, it can’t match Wang Lun’s love for him.
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