现象评价类作文【一】
诊断性评价
诊断性评价又称准备性评价，是在教育活动开始之前或教育活动进行之中对学生的学习准备情况或特殊困难进行的评价，是对教学活动的准备。它主要对教育背景、存在问题及其原因作出诊断，以便“对症下药”，据此进行教学设计。诊断性评价的实施时间一般在课程、学期、学年开始或教学过程中需要的时候。它涉及的主要内容有：教育所面临的问题;学生前一阶段学习中知识储备的数量和质量;学生的性格特征、学习风格、能力倾向及对本学科的态度;学生对学校学习生活的态度、身体状况及家庭教育情况等。
诊断性评价的作用主要表现在三个方面：
(1 确定学生的学习准备情况，明确学生发展的起点水平，为教学活动提供设计依据。
(2 识别学生的发展差异，适当安置学生。
(3 诊断个别学生在发展上的特殊障碍，以作为采取补救措施的依据
形成性评价
形成性评价又称过程评价，是在教育过程中为调节和完善教学活动、引导教育过程正确而高效地前进而对学生学习结果和教师教育效果所采取的评价。与诊断性评价不同，形成性评价一般是在教育进行过程中开展，其主要作用是：引导学习活动的方向;强化学生的学习;及时发现问题并提供矫正处方。形成性评价所借助的手段有平常作业、日常观察和形成性测验等。形面性评价是现代教育评价的发展趋势之一，也越来越受到人们的重视。
终结性评价
终结性评价又称结果评价，是在某一相对完整的教育阶段结束后对整个教育目标实现的程度作出的评价。它要以预先设定的教育目标为基准，考查学生发展达到目标的程度。终结性评价的次数比较少，一般是一个学期或一学年一次，在学期或学年结束时进行。主要是考察学生群体或每个学生整体的发展水平，为各种选拔、评优提供参考依据。
现象评价类作文【二】
【习作题目】
Students Grading of Their Teachers
1．学生给老师打分已很普遍；
2．人们对其持不同态度（肯定或否定的态度）；
3．你的看法。
【习作解读】
显然，此任务是写一篇议论文，主题为对学生给老师打分的现象进行议论，开放性较大。学生应根据实际情况，从多个方面阐述其原因并表达自己对这种现象的观点和态度。该话题更加贴近学生的实际生活，但有一定的语言难度，也有一定的思想深度。通过此文的写作，也从侧面提示了学生在注重写作基础训练的前提下，也应该注重培养积极思考、灵活运用、自由发挥等能力。
此次的写作任务出题相当巧妙，写作内容涉及的词汇和句型都属于新课程标准范围。题目在考查学生写作能力的同时，也在考查学生的分析判断能力及高度概括能力。富有想象力的学生写出的文章可能生动而富有灵性。此题目能引发学生对平日习以为常的行为进行反思，学会换位思考，这对中学生的性格和品德培养非常重要。
【习作展示】
Students Grading of Their Teachers
Nowadays, a lot of schools ask their students to contribute to grading their teachers. As a teacher, it is their responsibility to satisfy their students in all aspects. Meanwhile, it is admirable that school teachers prefer to expose themselves to their students.
If the system of grading of teachers by students is introduced, it will benefit students, teachers and the administration of the school for a number of reasons. For one thing, the system will give teachers and the administration of the school an insight into the minds of the students and show whether the teachers are successful in getting their lessons understood by the students; for another, it will also encourage the good teachers to continue their efforts and motivate themselves. What is more, it will expose those who are not doing enough and will lead them to correct their teaching methods as well as their attitude towards students. Thus the quality of teaching will certainly improve.
In a word, it is a promising concept and will bring surprisingly good results if applied with the right conditions.
【习作点评】
作者观点明确，赞成学生给老师打分。作为老师，就要做一个让学生满意的老师。这样，不仅对学生、学校有利，而且对老师本人也有利。这样，老师就会从另一个角度重新审视自己，看自己是否是一个成功的老师。如果得到学生的认可，这将是对自己的一次鼓励，为继续前行增添动力。如果学生的认可度不高，老师就应进行反思，调控教学方法和教学态度。这样，教学质量肯定会提高。作
者用简洁、明快的语言以及自己的经历列举了充分的论据，内容充实，贴近生活。For one thing, for another, what is more, in a word等过渡词的使用，是短文结构清晰，层次分明。最后，最值得一提的是，文中多次正确运用的高级词汇和复杂句式，给文章增添了不少文采。综上所述，这是一篇不可多得的佳作，值得向大家推荐。
二、写作模板
此模板适用于社会现象类议论文。参考模式如下：
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental There are a couple of reasons behind this problem/phenomenon. For one ；Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people
Nowadays, there exists a common phenomenon—with the development of the Internet, more and more people tend to send electronic cards instead of paper ones to their friends and relatives when an important holiday comes.
There are a couple of reasons behind this phenomenon. For one thing, compared with the traditional cards, electronic cards are more lively and interesting. They can give not only pictures but also sound and animation. For another, there are many websites online which offer varieties of cards for you to choose from. What is more, with the popularity of the electronic cards, less paper is used in making paper cards, which does good to our environment.
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that sending greetings by using electronic cards will be accepted by more and more people, not only the young ones.
三、写作指导
写作思路是先列出一个具体的社会问题或者现象，然后分析产生的原因和产生的影响，最后提出解决问题的办法，或者得出结论，或者提出个人看法，或者预测前景。
论点、论据、论证是议论文的三要素。论点是作者对所议论问题所持有的见解和主张，论据是用来证明论点的事实和道理的根据；论证是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。一般来说，议论文每段都有主题句来确定论点。论证的方法很多，但最常用的是因果分析法。即：分析事实与论点的因果关系，指出取得结果的原因是所要证明的论点，从而达到论证的目的。
在近几年的高考中，议论文的比重占得越来越多，议论文的.出题形式可以多种多样，有看图写作、图表、表格、书信等各种类型，但文体实际是议论文，而有时是夹叙的议论文。议论文的写作要点是：
1. 观点鲜明，文章一定有一个明确的中心论点。
2. 层次分明，一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持，不同层次之间要分明，过渡清晰自然。
3. 最后一段一般要总结全文，得出一个符合逻辑的结论，突出中心思想。
4. 一般采用一般现在时。
5. 语言简洁有力，一般不采用口语。
四、巩固练习
1.【练习题目】
2010年上海世界博览会期间，上万的青年志愿者参加志愿工作，请你谈谈对此现象的看法。
【参考范文】
During the period of holding the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai, tens of thousands of young citizens are participating in volunteer work, hoping to devote themselves to the grand occasion. As far as I am concerned, everyone ought to enter for it. Here are the reasons I want to mention.
It can be argued that the advantages of doing unpaid volunteer work are enormous, because volunteer work is actually a two-way street. First of all, volunteer work should always benefit people who need help. Those who need help will feel happier due to our immediate help. On the other hand, as far as the young people ourselves are concerned, we have more opportunities to develop the sense of responsibility, independence as well as interpersonal skills in the process of helping others.
Through this kind of work, we become confident and mature. In addition, we can make many friends and increase our chances of getting the jobs of our dreams. Furthermore, volunteer work plays an active role in building up a harmonious society.
In a word, it is of great value for the young adults to offer volunteer work. The youth volunteers do make a difference by the voluntary work! Why not join them and do something for our country?
2.【练习题目】
某些中学生为了显示自己成熟或表明自己醋而吸烟。请写一篇120词左右的短文，列举吸烟的危害，并提出建议。
【参考范文】
I am sorry to know that more and more middle school students begin to smoke. I think it is wrong to believe that smoking is cool and even think that smoking makes you appear to be mature. In fact, smoking is not cool but very dangerous.
First, smoking can do much damage to health. Scientific researches show that smoking can lead to heart diseases, cancers and other problems. It is reported that about 5 million people die of diseases related to smoking each year all over the world.
Second, it is a waste of money to smoke cigarettes. Smoking can cost a great deal of money. Once you are addicted to it, it is difficult to give it up.
What’s more, smoking can cause fires easily, which may do great damage to your life and your surroundings.
So give up smoking at once! Only in this way can you keep healthy forever.
3. 【练习题目】近年来，越来越多的中学生出国学习，出现了所谓的中学生“出国热”。请根据以下提供的信息，谈谈自己的看法。
1）良好的语言环境，更利于语言学习。
2）拓宽视野，学习国外先进的科学技术。
3）传播各民族间的不同文化。
参考词汇：媒介，中间人：mediator
【参考范文】
In recent years, studying abroad has been popular. Tens of thousands of Chinese middle school students have gone to foreign countries to study．Many people are trying their best to apply to go abroad.
There are a number of reasons for attending schools abroad．First, students who are studying abroad can act as mediators between people of different cultures. They can communicate with each other directly and learn about different cultures. Second, they can learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries and experience different education methods．Third, they live in foreign countries and take classes given by foreign teachers. As a result, they can learn foreign languages much more quickly.
Therefore, it is advisable to attend schools abroad.
4.【练习题目】随着经济和社会的发展，道路上的私人小汽车越来越多。请根据自己的观察和理解，谈谈自己的观点。
【参考范文】
With the fantastic development both in economy and in society in China, the number of people who own private cars is on the rise. Some people have bought cars of their own, and others are planning to buy cars. But I strongly object to the increase in developing private cars.
I hold that automobiles will give rise to a series of problems. In the first place, as more and more cars are produced and run on the road, a large volume of poisonous gas will be given off, polluting the atmosphere and causing actual harm to the health of people. Next, private cars contribute to traffic jams so greatly that the advantages gained in comfort and freedom are often cancelled out by the frustration caused by traffic jams. The last problem is the increasing number of car accidents that have killed and will kill a lot of people in a friction of a second.
In a word, although automobiles have been playing a vital part in the daily activities of our society, they also bring us numerous troubles such as more serious environmental pollution, more traffic accidents and more energy consumption. They drink up huge amounts of fuel and throw out huge amounts of pollutants. Jams waste our precious time. Therefore, I am against developing private cars.
现象评价类作文【三】
杨志是中国古典小说《水浒传》中的人物，他高大威猛，是三代将门之后，五侯杨令公之孙，可他的命运异常坎坷，他的故事也并没有延续先辈的荣光。他是个什么样的人呢？他的悲剧又是谁造成的呢？
看完杨志的故事，我觉得用“五大三粗”来形容他最合适。为何这么说，且听我慢慢道来。
所谓“五大”，是说他“人高大，本事大，志向大，脾气大，得失心大”。
小说中他是个高大威猛的“糙”汉子。最先留在读者们的印象，是他丢了花石纲与准备上梁山的林冲斗了三十几回合。林冲不是小人物，他是当时的东京80万禁军教头，武力值极高，可惜被小人所害只得上梁山。杨志对上林冲，豪不畏惧，二人大战几十回合，杨志完全不落下风，可见他的本事确实不小。
杨志很有自己的志向。王伦十分欣赏他的武艺有意劝留，但他心中有着大的志向，想着光宗耀祖，博个封妻荫子，王伦自然留不住他。
他来到京城，本想一番打点能官复原职，哪知事与愿违，高俅一番训斥，让他的希望完全破灭了。谁成想，这时候又遇到了个泼皮——牛二。争执之下，他竟把牛二给了，这脾气真是太大、太冲动了。
这脾气大还表现在押送生辰纲时。那时正值六月，天气实在热得人心中发慌，腿脚都发软，再加上路途劳累，实在是行进太慢。杨志的坏脾气就上来了，用鞭子抽打，用言语辱骂，他只想赶紧的送完生辰纲，殊不知人心涣散，怎能使得任务顺利完成？相反，吴用却是凭着兄弟的信任，团结和计谋智取了这生辰纲。
杨志运送花石纲和生辰纲都失败了，失败后他都同样选择了逃避，我想，这大概是他的得失心太大，觉得自己伤不起吧。
再说“三粗”，所谓“三粗”，就是“心粗，行粗，性粗”。粗心使他丢了花石纲，粗暴的言行和心性使他失了人心，最终丢失了生辰纲。
有人问：“如果没了吴用，杨志的悲剧会发生吗？”
我觉得会。生辰纲丢失了，他一不继续追查，二不汇报上级，只是以自己的利益为重，怕承担不了责任就独自离开。他不顾别人，一心想着自己的功名利禄与生安危。因此他的意外是个假意外。他不善团结，容易丢失人心；他粗暴蛮横，又一直逃避，一夫之勇，岂能成才？空有“五大”，难逃“三粗”，真能成英雄？我看即使真无吴用，他也只是一介武夫罢了。
