1 名不正,则言不顺;言不顺,则事不成;事不成,则礼乐不兴;礼乐不兴,则刑罚不中;刑罚不中,则民无所错手足。
2 君子易事而难说也,说之不以道,不说也;及其使人也,器之。小人难事而易说也。说之虽不以道,说也;及其使人也,求备焉。
3 知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。
4 君子喻于义,小人喻于利。
5 父母在,不远游。游必有方。
6 士不可以不弘毅,任重而道远。
7 朝闻道,夕可矣。
8 自古皆有,民无信不立。
9 温故而知新,可以为师矣。
10 后生可畏,焉知来者不之不如今也?四十,五十而无闻焉,斯亦不足畏也已。
11 岁寒,然后知松柏之后凋也。
12 鸟之将,其鸣也哀;人之将,其言也善。
13 三军可夺帅也,匹夫不可夺志也。
14 质胜文则野,文胜质则史。文质彬彬,然后君子。
15 君子坦荡荡,小人长戚戚。
16 主忠信。毋友不如己者,过则勿惮改。
17 可以托六尺之孤,可以寄百里之命,临大节而不可夺也。
18 子不语:怪,力,乱,神。
19 八佾舞于庭,是可忍也,孰不可忍也!
20 君子欲衲于言,而敏于行。
21 未能事人,焉能事鬼?
22 见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也。
23 知者不惑,仁者不忧,勇者不惧。
24 不愤不启,不悱不发。举一隅而不以三隅反,则不复也。
25 父母之年,不可不知也。一则以喜,一则以惧。
26 吾未见好德者如好色者也。
27 君子怀德,小人怀土;君子怀刑,小人怀惠。
28 君子居之,何陋之有?
29 君子食无求饱,居无求安,敏于事而慎于言,就有道而正焉,可谓好学也已。
30 食不厌精,脍不厌细。
31 君子泰而不骄,小人骄而不泰。
32 其身正,不令而行;其身不正,虽令不从。
33 其为人也,发愤忘食,乐以忘忧,不知老之将至。
34 不患人之不己知,患不知人也。
35 吾十有五而志于学,三十而立,四十不惑,五十而知天命,六十而耳顺,七十而从心所欲,不逾矩。
36 成事不说,遂事不谏,既往不咎。
37 知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者。
38 寝不尸,居不容。
39 不在其位,不谋其政。
40 学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。
41 三人行,必有我师焉。择其善者而从之,其不善者而改之。
42 言必信,行必果。
43 放于利而后行,多怨。
44 吾日三省吾身:为人谋而不忠乎?与朋友交而不信乎?传不习胡?
45 君子周急不继富。
46 敏而好学,不耻下问。
47 举直错诸枉,则-民服;举枉错诸直,则-民不服。
48 知者乐水,仁者乐山。知者动,仁者静。知者乐,仁者寿。
49 君子和而不同,小人同而不和。
50 食不语,寝不言。
51 饭疏食,饮水,曲肱而枕之,乐在其中矣。不义而富且贵,于我如浮云。
52 君子以文会友,以友辅仁。
53 朽木不可雕也,粪土之墙不可圬也。
54 笃信好学,守善道。 危邦不入,乱邦不居。天下有道则见,无道则隐。邦有道,贫且贱焉。耻也;邦无道,富且贵也,耻也。
55 德不孤,必有邻。
56 有颜回者好学,不迁怒,不贰过。
57 君子成人之美,不成人之恶;小人反是。
58 默而识之,学而不厌,诲人不倦,何有于我哉?
59 君子固穷,小人穷斯滥矣
60 士志于道,而耻恶衣恶食者,未足与议也
61 志于道,据于德,依于仁,游于艺
62 三军可夺帅也,匹夫不可夺志也
63 岁寒,然后知松柏之后雕也
64 君子疾没世而名不称焉
65 当仁,不让于师
66 成事不说,遂事不谏,既往不咎
67 久矣,吾不复梦见周公
68 三月不知肉味
69 仰之弥高,钻之弥坚
70 逝者如斯夫!不舍昼夜
71 微管仲,吾其被发左衽矣
72 苗而不秀者,有矣夫
73 过犹不及
74 文犹质也,质犹文也
75 欲速则不达,见小利则大事不成
76 工欲善其事,必先利其器
77 道不同,不相为谋
78 唯上知与下愚不移
79 往者不可谏,来者犹可追
80 虽蛮貊之邦行矣
81 百工居肆以成其事
82 宗庙之美,百官之富
83 譬如北辰,居其所而众星共之
84 举直错诸枉,则民服
85 君子之德,风;小人之德,草
86 君君,臣臣,父父,子子
87 近者说,远者来
88 以不教民战,是谓弃之
89 名不正,则言不顺
90 不在颛臾,而在萧墙之内也
91 恶紫之夺朱也,恶郑声之乱雅乐也
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
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