中考作文审题立意例析【一】
任何事物都是相互联系的。事物间的关系主要有依存关系(如学与问、主次关系(如奉献与索取、取舍关系(如自卑与自强和条件关系(如继承与创新等。辨明这些关系，有利于立意构思。如：
美国阿拉斯加州涅利斯自然保护区内，曾发生过引狼逐鹿的.故事。原先人们为了保护鹿而把当地的狼消灭了，于是，鹿没有了天敌，终日无忧无虑地饱食于林中。十几年后，鹿群由四百只发展到四万只。然而鹿的体态愚笨，失去了昔日的灵秀，植物也因鹿的迅速繁殖和践踏而凋零了。鹿由于缺乏充分的食物以及安逸少动所带来的体质衰弱而大批亡。于是人们再次把狼请进来，鹿又奋力奔跑了，保护区恢复了昔日的勃勃生机。
从材料中看，鹿和狼的关系，鹿和周围环境的关系，是相互依存的关系。只有狼和鹿共处，相克相生，才能保证它们不失本性，维持自然界的生态平衡。据此可立意为：生态平衡是自然界的规律，人类亦如此，自然规律不可违。从鹿和周围自然生活环境的关系看，鹿没有了狼这样的天敌，生活太安逸、舒适，于是体态愚笨;后来又有了狼的介入，鹿因躲避狼的捕食而奋力奔跑，终于又恢复了生机。可见生于忧患，于安乐。
总之，根据材料写作文，审题立意，不能偏离材料自行确定立意，而要全面仔细地阅读材料，从材料出发选择立意的角度。上面的几种方法不是孤立运用，而是相互联系、综合使用的。每则材料都可从多个角度分析立意，然后再选择构思作文。
中考作文审题立意例析【二】
任何事物都是相互联系的。事物间的关系主要有依存关系（如学与问）、主次关系（如奉献与索取）、取舍关系（如自卑与自强）和条件关系（如继承与创新）等。辨明这些关系，有利于立意构思作文。如：
美国阿拉斯加州涅利斯自然保护区内，曾发生过引狼逐鹿的故事。原先人们为了保护鹿而把当地的狼消灭了，于是，鹿没有了天敌，终日无忧无虑地饱食于林中。十几年后，鹿群由四百只发展到四万只。然而鹿的体态愚笨，失去了昔日的灵秀，植物也因鹿的迅速繁殖和践踏而凋零了。鹿由于缺乏充分的食物以及安逸少动所带来的体质衰弱而大批亡。于是人们再次把狼请进来，鹿又奋力奔跑了，保护区恢复了昔日的勃勃生机。
从材料中看，鹿和狼的关系，鹿和周围环境的关系，是相互依存的关系。只有狼和鹿共处，相克相生，才能保证它们不失本性，维持自然界的生态平衡。据此可立意为：生态平衡是自然界的规律，人类亦如此，自然规律不可违。从鹿和周围自然生活环境的关系看，鹿没有了狼这样的天敌，生活太安逸、舒适，于是体态愚笨；后来又有了狼的介入，鹿因躲避狼的捕食而奋力奔跑，终于又恢复了生机。可见生于忧患，于安乐。
总之，根据材料写作文，审题立意，不能偏离材料自行确定立意，而要全面仔细地阅读材料，从材料出发选择立意的角度。上面的几种方法不是孤立运用，而是相互联系、综合使用的。每则材料都可从多个角度分析立意，然后再选择构思作文。
中考作文审题立意例析【三】
命题者在命制试题时，往往将自己对材料的理解认识融合在材料与提示中，因此，要想准确恰当地审题立意，必须抓住材料中的关键词语，仔细分析命题者的意图。如：
燕子是一种候鸟，起初人们并不是这么认为的。冬季燕子在池塘的冰下越冬——这是古希腊伟人亚里士多德得出的结论。天经天义，人们尊奉了2400多年。18世纪，瑞士巴赛尔城的一位修鞋匠，看到棚下筑巢的燕子，好奇心使他写了一张纸条——“燕子，你在何处越冬？”，并将它绑在燕子的腿上。第二年春天，当这只燕子翩然而归时，鞋匠意外地发现了一张新的字条：“雅典，在安托万家越冬”。鞋匠的好奇使一个被信奉了2400多年的谬误终于得以澄清。
同学们很容易找出这则材料体现主旨的词语“好奇”。材料三次用到这个词语，“好奇心使他写了一张纸条”，“鞋匠的好奇使一个被信奉了2400多年的谬误……”再加上材料的标题《鞋匠的好奇》，而抓住了关键词语的同学很容易明白本材料的主旨：好奇，往往是发明和创新的原动力。
中考作文审题立意例析【四】
【习作题目】
Students Grading of Their Teachers
1．学生给老师打分已很普遍；
2．人们对其持不同态度（肯定或否定的态度）；
3．你的看法。
【习作解读】
显然，此任务是写一篇议论文，主题为对学生给老师打分的现象进行议论，开放性较大。学生应根据实际情况，从多个方面阐述其原因并表达自己对这种现象的观点和态度。该话题更加贴近学生的实际生活，但有一定的语言难度，也有一定的思想深度。通过此文的写作，也从侧面提示了学生在注重写作基础训练的前提下，也应该注重培养积极思考、灵活运用、自由发挥等能力。
此次的写作任务出题相当巧妙，写作内容涉及的词汇和句型都属于新课程标准范围。题目在考查学生写作能力的同时，也在考查学生的分析判断能力及高度概括能力。富有想象力的学生写出的文章可能生动而富有灵性。此题目能引发学生对平日习以为常的行为进行反思，学会换位思考，这对中学生的性格和品德培养非常重要。
【习作展示】
Students Grading of Their Teachers
Nowadays, a lot of schools ask their students to contribute to grading their teachers. As a teacher, it is their responsibility to satisfy their students in all aspects. Meanwhile, it is admirable that school teachers prefer to expose themselves to their students.
If the system of grading of teachers by students is introduced, it will benefit students, teachers and the administration of the school for a number of reasons. For one thing, the system will give teachers and the administration of the school an insight into the minds of the students and show whether the teachers are successful in getting their lessons understood by the students; for another, it will also encourage the good teachers to continue their efforts and motivate themselves. What is more, it will expose those who are not doing enough and will lead them to correct their teaching methods as well as their attitude towards students. Thus the quality of teaching will certainly improve.
In a word, it is a promising concept and will bring surprisingly good results if applied with the right conditions.
【习作点评】
作者观点明确，赞成学生给老师打分。作为老师，就要做一个让学生满意的老师。这样，不仅对学生、学校有利，而且对老师本人也有利。这样，老师就会从另一个角度重新审视自己，看自己是否是一个成功的老师。如果得到学生的认可，这将是对自己的一次鼓励，为继续前行增添动力。如果学生的认可度不高，老师就应进行反思，调控教学方法和教学态度。这样，教学质量肯定会提高。作
者用简洁、明快的语言以及自己的经历列举了充分的论据，内容充实，贴近生活。For one thing, for another, what is more, in a word等过渡词的使用，是短文结构清晰，层次分明。最后，最值得一提的是，文中多次正确运用的高级词汇和复杂句式，给文章增添了不少文采。综上所述，这是一篇不可多得的佳作，值得向大家推荐。
二、写作模板
此模板适用于社会现象类议论文。参考模式如下：
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental There are a couple of reasons behind this problem/phenomenon. For one ；Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people
Nowadays, there exists a common phenomenon—with the development of the Internet, more and more people tend to send electronic cards instead of paper ones to their friends and relatives when an important holiday comes.
There are a couple of reasons behind this phenomenon. For one thing, compared with the traditional cards, electronic cards are more lively and interesting. They can give not only pictures but also sound and animation. For another, there are many websites online which offer varieties of cards for you to choose from. What is more, with the popularity of the electronic cards, less paper is used in making paper cards, which does good to our environment.
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that sending greetings by using electronic cards will be accepted by more and more people, not only the young ones.
三、写作指导
写作思路是先列出一个具体的社会问题或者现象，然后分析产生的原因和产生的影响，最后提出解决问题的办法，或者得出结论，或者提出个人看法，或者预测前景。
论点、论据、论证是议论文的三要素。论点是作者对所议论问题所持有的见解和主张，论据是用来证明论点的事实和道理的根据；论证是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。一般来说，议论文每段都有主题句来确定论点。论证的方法很多，但最常用的是因果分析法。即：分析事实与论点的因果关系，指出取得结果的原因是所要证明的论点，从而达到论证的目的。
在近几年的高考中，议论文的比重占得越来越多，议论文的.出题形式可以多种多样，有看图写作、图表、表格、书信等各种类型，但文体实际是议论文，而有时是夹叙的议论文。议论文的写作要点是：
1. 观点鲜明，文章一定有一个明确的中心论点。
2. 层次分明，一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持，不同层次之间要分明，过渡清晰自然。
3. 最后一段一般要总结全文，得出一个符合逻辑的结论，突出中心思想。
4. 一般采用一般现在时。
5. 语言简洁有力，一般不采用口语。
四、巩固练习
1.【练习题目】
2010年上海世界博览会期间，上万的青年志愿者参加志愿工作，请你谈谈对此现象的看法。
【参考范文】
During the period of holding the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai, tens of thousands of young citizens are participating in volunteer work, hoping to devote themselves to the grand occasion. As far as I am concerned, everyone ought to enter for it. Here are the reasons I want to mention.
It can be argued that the advantages of doing unpaid volunteer work are enormous, because volunteer work is actually a two-way street. First of all, volunteer work should always benefit people who need help. Those who need help will feel happier due to our immediate help. On the other hand, as far as the young people ourselves are concerned, we have more opportunities to develop the sense of responsibility, independence as well as interpersonal skills in the process of helping others.
Through this kind of work, we become confident and mature. In addition, we can make many friends and increase our chances of getting the jobs of our dreams. Furthermore, volunteer work plays an active role in building up a harmonious society.
In a word, it is of great value for the young adults to offer volunteer work. The youth volunteers do make a difference by the voluntary work! Why not join them and do something for our country?
2.【练习题目】
某些中学生为了显示自己成熟或表明自己醋而吸烟。请写一篇120词左右的短文，列举吸烟的危害，并提出建议。
【参考范文】
I am sorry to know that more and more middle school students begin to smoke. I think it is wrong to believe that smoking is cool and even think that smoking makes you appear to be mature. In fact, smoking is not cool but very dangerous.
First, smoking can do much damage to health. Scientific researches show that smoking can lead to heart diseases, cancers and other problems. It is reported that about 5 million people die of diseases related to smoking each year all over the world.
Second, it is a waste of money to smoke cigarettes. Smoking can cost a great deal of money. Once you are addicted to it, it is difficult to give it up.
What’s more, smoking can cause fires easily, which may do great damage to your life and your surroundings.
So give up smoking at once! Only in this way can you keep healthy forever.
3. 【练习题目】近年来，越来越多的中学生出国学习，出现了所谓的中学生“出国热”。请根据以下提供的信息，谈谈自己的看法。
1）良好的语言环境，更利于语言学习。
2）拓宽视野，学习国外先进的科学技术。
3）传播各民族间的不同文化。
参考词汇：媒介，中间人：mediator
【参考范文】
In recent years, studying abroad has been popular. Tens of thousands of Chinese middle school students have gone to foreign countries to study．Many people are trying their best to apply to go abroad.
There are a number of reasons for attending schools abroad．First, students who are studying abroad can act as mediators between people of different cultures. They can communicate with each other directly and learn about different cultures. Second, they can learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries and experience different education methods．Third, they live in foreign countries and take classes given by foreign teachers. As a result, they can learn foreign languages much more quickly.
Therefore, it is advisable to attend schools abroad.
4.【练习题目】随着经济和社会的发展，道路上的私人小汽车越来越多。请根据自己的观察和理解，谈谈自己的观点。
【参考范文】
With the fantastic development both in economy and in society in China, the number of people who own private cars is on the rise. Some people have bought cars of their own, and others are planning to buy cars. But I strongly object to the increase in developing private cars.
I hold that automobiles will give rise to a series of problems. In the first place, as more and more cars are produced and run on the road, a large volume of poisonous gas will be given off, polluting the atmosphere and causing actual harm to the health of people. Next, private cars contribute to traffic jams so greatly that the advantages gained in comfort and freedom are often cancelled out by the frustration caused by traffic jams. The last problem is the increasing number of car accidents that have killed and will kill a lot of people in a friction of a second.
In a word, although automobiles have been playing a vital part in the daily activities of our society, they also bring us numerous troubles such as more serious environmental pollution, more traffic accidents and more energy consumption. They drink up huge amounts of fuel and throw out huge amounts of pollutants. Jams waste our precious time. Therefore, I am against developing private cars.
中考作文审题立意例析【五】
有的材料在叙述、说明或评论某个事物时，明显地流露出作者的情感倾向，这样我们可从材料的情感倾向入手来审题立意。
当断臂的维纳斯展示在人们面前时，吸引了无数好事之徒趋之若鹜。他们提出种种接上断臂的奇思妙想。维纳斯失去的手臂就如同一个充满诱惑力的圈套。但迄今为止仍未有任何设计能取得普遍的赞赏。
材料中的情感倾向十分明显。“好事之徒”、“趋之若鹜”等词贬斥之情溢于言表。对想接上断臂的做法持否定态度，对断臂维纳斯持赞赏态度。据此可立意为：应顺其自然，不能把自己的观点强加于人。如果不注意分析情感倾向，立意为：坚持就是胜利或攻书莫畏难就明显偏离题意。
中考作文审题立意例析【六】
任何事物的.产生、变化和发展，都有其内在或外在的原因。因此，阅读分析材料的因果联系，从原因切入立意，是行之有效的方法。如：《盲子过涸溪》：有盲子过涸溪，失坠，两手攀木盾，兢兢握固，自分必坠深渊。过者告曰：“无怖，只要放下即实地也。”盲子不信，握木盾长号。久之，手惫，失手坠地。乃自哂曰：“嘻，蚤知是实地，何久自苦耶？”
译文：有个瞎子经过一条干涸的小溪，在桥上（突然）失手坠落。（他）两手攀住桥栏，胆战心惊地抓得紧紧的，自认为（一旦）失手，一定会坠入深渊。过路的人告诉他说：“别害怕，只管放手，（下面）就是实地了。”瞎子不相信，握紧桥栏大声呼号。过了很久，力气（渐渐）消失了，失手坠落在地上。于是（他）嘲笑自己说：“嘻！早知道（下面）就是实地，何必（让）自己辛苦这么久呢？”
本文的主要对象是盲子，作者对他的态度是讽刺，盲子“久自苦”的原因是不信忠告，兢兢握固，不放手。在这样理解的基础上就可以得出“放下即实地”、“学会放手”、“有所不为才能有所为”等立意及命题了。
中考作文审题立意例析【七】
任何事物的产生、变化和发展，都有其内在或外在的原因。因此，阅读分析材料的因果联系，从原因切入立意，是行之有效的方法。如：
《盲子过涸溪》：有盲子过涸溪，失坠，两手攀木盾，兢兢握固，自分必坠深渊。过者告曰：“无怖，只要放下即实地也。”盲子不信，握木盾长号。久之，手惫，失手坠地。乃自哂曰：“嘻，蚤知是实地，何久自苦耶?”
译文：有个瞎子经过一条干涸的小溪，在桥上(突然失手坠落。(他两手攀住桥栏，胆战心惊地抓得紧紧的，自认为(一旦失手，一定会坠入深渊。过路的人告诉他说：“别害怕，只管放手，(下面就是实地了。”瞎子不相信，握紧桥栏大声呼号。过了很久，力气(渐渐消失了，失手坠落在地上。于是 (他嘲笑自己说：“嘻!早知道(下面就是实地，何必(让自己辛苦这么久呢?”
本文的主要对象是盲子，作者对他的态度是讽刺，盲子“久自苦”的原因是不信忠告，兢兢握固，不放手。在这样理解的基础上就可以得出“放下即实地”、“学会 放手 ”、“有所不为才能有所为”等立意及命题了。
