1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
It is safe for people to ride it when they go to work, and the price is not very high. What’s more, they are friendly to the environment as they save energy and make low noise.
Also , there are manyproblems with them. For example, the batteries must be replacedafter having been used for 300 to 400 times. If they are not changed in time, they would cause pollution again.
The bike is very beautiful. I like it. It is blue and black. The bike is small, but I can ride the bike very fast.
I usually ride on my bike, passing gardens, streets, towns, bridges, parks and libraries. This bike is my ‘good friend’.
I like this beautiful bike very much.
The green campus is not only the environmental being green, but also the sprite being green, which means we should do other things like helping each other or caring each other. Therefore, we should both beautify the campus environment and create a campus culture.
As middleschool students, we enjoy the campus time while we have responsibility to build our green campus. In spiritual term, we should respect teachers, classmates and other people work for the school. In environmental term, we should have good habits to keep campus in a clean surrounding.
我们都知道,一个更好的研究结果可以带来一个更好的'学习环境。因此,我们有必要建立绿色校园。绿色校园不仅能提供一个良好的环境对我们的学习,而且是构建和谐社会的一部分。
绿色校园不仅是绿色的环境,还被绿色的精灵,这意味着我们应该做其他的事情互相帮助和互相关心。因此,我们应该美化校园环境和校园文化。
作为中学学生,我们享受校园时我们有责任来建设我们的绿色校园。在精神上的术语,我们应该尊重老师,同学和其他人在学校工作。在环境来看,我们应该有好的习惯来保持校园在一个干净的周围。
The bicycle is the most popular means of transportation in China. China is a country “on bicycle wheels”。 People ride them for various purposes such as going to and from school and work. Bicycles are very cheap and easy to buy in China.
There are many advantages to riding a bicycle. First, using a bicycle can greatly help reduce the air pollution in many big cities. Second, people can improve their health by riding a bicycle.
The future of bicycle will be bright. In some European countries, city governments have arranged pedestrians to use “public bicycles” to travel round the city center free of charge.
1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
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