13.文化要(讲究)创新和创造。(2分)
14.①引出本文的中心论点;②作为事例论据来证明中心论点;③引起读者阅读兴趣。(3分;每个要点1分)
15.此段采用总—分—总的结构,先提出本段的论点(文化最讲求创新、创造),然后运用举例论证和道理论证证明论点(用郑板桥开创“板桥体”的例子进行正面论证,再引用俗语进行反面论证),最后得出本段结论(文化需要创新、创造或文化需要推陈出新。(3分;每个层次1分,意近即可)
16.示例:
①“绊脚的石头”喻指创新路上来自主、客观的困难、障碍(如思想保守、思维僵化、人才匮乏、资金短缺等)。
②喻指一味固守、一成不变、东拼西凑、毫无创见,奉行“拿来主义”、照搬别国模式等思想或行为。(2分;可自行概括作答,也可摘录文中的词句作答,但是示例中的核心词语不得缺失
Ivan came home with a bloody nose and his mother asked, "What happened?"
"A kid bit me," replied Ivan.
"Would you recognize him if you saw him again?" asked his mother.
"I'd know him any where," said Ivan. "I have his ear in my pocket."
伊凡鼻子流着回到家里。他妈妈问,“发生了什么事?”
“一个男孩咬了我一口,”伊凡说。
“再见到他你能认出来吗?”妈妈问。
“他走到哪里我都能认出他,”伊凡说。“他的耳朵还在我衣兜里呢。”
The Father and His Son
Father had a family of sons who were perpetually quarrelling among themselves. When he failed to heal their disputes by his exhortations, he determined to give them a practical illustration of the evils of disunion; and for this purpose he one day told them to bring him a bundle of sticks. When they had done so, he placed the faggot into the hands of each of them in succession, and ordered them to break it in pieces. They each tried with all their strength, and were not able to do it.
He next unclosed the faggot, and took the sticks separately, one by one, and again put them into their hands, on which they broke them easily. He then addressed them in these words: "My sons, if you are of one mind, and unite to assist each other, you will be as this faggot, uninjured by all the attempts of your enemies; but if you are divided among yourselves, you will be broken as easily as these sticks."
一位父亲有几个孩子,这些孩子时常发生口角。他丝毫没有办法来劝阻他们,只好让他们看看不合群所带来害处的例子。为了达到这个目的,有一天他叫他们替他拿一捆细柴来。当他们把柴带来时,他便先后地将那捆柴放在每一个孩子的手中,吩咐他们弄断这捆柴。他们一个个尽力去试,总是不能成功。
然后他解开那捆柴,一根根地放在他们手里,如此一来,他们便毫不费力地折断了。于是他就告诉他们说:「孩子们!如果你们大家团结一致,互相帮助,你们就像这捆柴一样,不能被你们的敌人折断;但如果你们自行,你们就将和这些散柴一般,不堪一折了。
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