1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
晚饭后,跟妈妈去散步。一路沉默着,来来往往的路人从我身边走过,没有谁多看我一眼。突然间,我心里就好出一个怪怪的念头:将来有一天,我走在这条路上,来往的路人都向我投来敬重的目光。想着想着,便禁不住望着天空笑了。不巧被妈妈发现了,于是她训斥了我几句“走路就好好的走路,自己莫名其妙的笑什么?”好吧,不过我不喜欢这样,单纯的为了锻炼而走路、跑步。我喜欢一边运动一边遨游在天马行空的想象中。
一路慢走着,来来往往的人流中总会出现妈妈的熟人,而我总会吸引她们的目光。这时,我唯一的作用就是顺着妈妈所说的,问一句:XX好。然后就是那些我听腻了的赞美之词。她们无非就是夸我长得高、长得俊之类的。我总觉得这种赞美简直可笑:长相是父母给的,有什么好夸的呢?况且我哪有那些人夸的那么好看!一路茫然着,看着两边无比亲切的校园,我和妈妈有一搭没一搭的说着话。而我心里却在想:再过几时我才能回到可爱的校园?然而只是心里想着,默默的走过了,我的幼儿园、初中、小学。我们路过青少年宫,夜色笼罩的马路边停着一辆汽车。
它是那样的不起眼,银灰色的外壳融入了夜色。不是妈妈说了一句,我几乎都没注意到这儿还停着一辆汽车。妈妈说:“咦,这不是你们体育老师的车么?”在昏暗的灯光下,我看不清车牌号,仅仅是车身看上去很像。不管是与否,我都愿意相信这就是她的车,她就在这附近。当我们正准备往家走的时候,远远的看见我们的老师从青少年宫出来,仅仅相隔一条马路,‘如果我喊一声,她一定会听见。’我想。但我最后还是没有这样做。那不是我一贯的风格,再说我身边还有妈妈。妈妈看过我的,她应该知道我在日记中写了好多体育课的片段,也知道体育老师是我喜欢的老师之一。我就是怕我这一喊,妈妈也许会冒出什么阴阳怪气的话来,比如什么“谁生养的你?老师又能给你什么好处?”于是,我们静静地走远了。
她不知道,在黑暗中有个学生,用敬重的目光送她离去。恰似我开头所说的。即使这样,在茫茫人海这见到一个我的熟人,依然会让我开心。毕竟我的熟人,太少了,太少了。一次没有见面的偶遇,开心而又落寞。哎,平凡人的快乐。足矣。
晚上吃过晚饭,爸爸妈妈都会出去散步。恰巧今天作业少,我便与爸妈一同出去走走,就当是让自己紧张的情绪放轻松些吧!
因为我家在郊区,所以视野的范围比较大。走在路上,清风徐徐吹来,即凉爽又惬意。马路中间的花池中有红的花,白的花,黄的花,还有绿的草,被修剪的形状各异的树。偶尔从远处来一辆汽车,也是亮着灯,鸣着笛,呼啸而过了。抬头仰望,深蓝色的天空中点缀着许多明亮的星星,却不见月亮的影踪。再一看,原来月亮看到这么多璀璨的星星,便拿浮云作面纱,把自己俊俏的脸庞遮住了。
我一边走一边大声的唱着歌,感觉自己都好久好久没有这么轻松过了。看着那泛着黄晕的路灯,不知为什么,竟然想起了我最爱的历史。我想起了穿着黄色龙袍的李世民,唐朝在他的英明领导下,繁荣富强,他开创出“贞观之治”的盛世局面;也想起了清朝的康熙皇帝,他是一个非常厉害的人,谁都不可否认吧?平定吴三桂,打败沙俄侵略者……清朝自他以后的皇帝都有这样的愿望:要做一个像圣祖康熙一样英明的君主……
爸妈好像看出了我在想什么事情。他们突然问起了我的志向,我一时不知道该怎么回答,只是想着考上一中奥赛班,这是我最近的目标。我问他们:“你们希望我上文科还是理科?”妈妈笑了,她说:甜甜,我希望你能够快乐的成长。做你想做的事情吧!只要是对的,对你的成长有利,我们都支持!”听了妈妈的话,我突然有一种想扑到妈妈怀里去哭的冲动。我想起在我小时候,爸爸妈妈就很注重培养我的一些兴趣爱好,经常给我买书,买影碟看,虽然我知道那时我家并不富裕。我也因此懂得了更多的知识。对恐龙的兴趣,源于《哆啦A梦之龙骑士》;对历史的兴趣,源于《中华上下5千年》;对绘画的兴趣,源于《数码宝贝》中的各个数码宝贝的造型;对宇宙的兴趣,源于《宇宙的奥秘》……可是,我却都没有把握好这些兴趣,只是让它们成为兴趣,而没有发展为志趣。唉,感觉有些可惜。但我还是感激父母,是他们让我成长的如此快乐。
突然想到了郁秀的一本小说《太阳鸟》中的主人公陈天舒对她爸妈说过的.一句话:“爸爸妈妈,谢谢你们把我养得这么好。”此时的我,也好像对我的爸妈说:“爸妈,谢谢你们把我养的这么好。”可是想了半天,终究没敢说。我不太善于口语表达,万一有哪句话说错了,爸妈会以为我自恋呢!
牵着爸妈的手往家走,感觉好幸福啊!我能想到最浪漫的事,就是和父母一起慢慢变老。真的想这样一辈子啊!在满天的繁星下,在清风的吹拂下,在绿草红花中,三个人牵手的影子定格在了这幅美景下。
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
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