导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
教师在教学中,要借用表情、眼神、嗓音等非语言形式,让学生感受到信任和友爱。每个学生都有追求上进的愿望,但学生间总存在着个体差异,教师要主动了解他们的学习、兴趣、爱好等,有的放矢地进行教育,如在提问、练习中,可根据学生的能力差异分组在调查了解摸清底细的基础上分组由于每个学生在学习目的与动机、学习习惯与方法、智力水平与接受能力上存在着差异,如果任课教师在教学中墨守陈规,这就往往会适成许多学生“初一劲头十足”,“初二情绪低落”,“初三放弃不学”的局面。到了初三,英语教师面对众多英语水平参差不齐且对英语失去学习信心的学生,真是弃之不忍,教之无策。只好课上教好生,课下抓差生,加班加点,辛苦之极却事倍功半。既然学生的英语学习水平有明显的差异,那么只采用面对少数学习成绩好的学生的课堂教学模式显然是不符合面向全体学生的教学要求的。课堂教学是学生掌握教学内容的主渠道,如果把大多数中差学生排除在外,势必造成课上损失课下补的恶性循环。
小学六年的学习生活即将过去,在这天真无邪的二千多个日子里,不知上了多少堂生动活泼的课。多姿多彩的美术课,探索大自然奥秘的科学课,妙趣横生的语文课……都在我的心坎上留下了深深的烙印,但给我印象最深的还是五年级时上的一节英语课,仿佛就在昨天。
回想起来,同学们是那样天真活泼,课堂是那样富有情趣,令我自豪。
那是春天,大地复苏。校园里鸟语花香,英语老师迈着轻快的步伐,走进教室,交给我一项重要的'任务——当一次老师,我愉快的接受了任务。
“叮叮叮”,上课铃响了,我深吸一口气,走上讲台,对同学们说:Hello, Nice to meet yo.” “Nice ti meet yo to.”同学们不约而同地回答.我向同学们介绍了自己,同学们马上送给我热烈的掌声。随后,便开始在掌声中上课了,同学们,跟我读单词” “Yes,teacher.” “cover,cover, go” “cover, cover” “sell” “sell, sell.” “ok, agoin.” 接着,同学们又响亮的读了起来。“好,现在我们每组同学充当一个角色,第一组彼得,第二组安妮,go。”我一声令下,充当角色的游戏马上就要开演了。“I like drawing, Let is draw,图片。”顿时,全班大笑,有的笑弯了腰,有的捂着肚子笑。“安静。”我拿着棍子喊道。这时,第二组的唐敏说“你们笑什么笑,没文化,不知道,中外结合吗?一看都不懂。”“哎,还中外结合,我看你是屁和唐敏相结合。”刘兵说。顿时,唐敏无话可说了,用书遮住脸,真想找个地缝钻下去。我说“笑什么,你们不知道鼓励他,反而在这里冷嘲热讽。唐敏,相信我,你会读懂的,加油。”听了我的鼓励,同学们和我一起为第二组的同学加油。第二组的同学昂起头,用洪亮的声音读出了安妮说的话:“I like drawing,Let is draw pictures。”刚说完,教室里便响起雷鸣般的掌声,第二组成功了。我对他们投去赞扬的眼光,他们也自豪的坐了下去。“唐敏,你刚才怎么不钻入地缝里去呀?”“哎呀,地缝里的大王不让我抢他地盘。”说着,大家都笑了起来。
“叮叮叮”下课了,这节课便在欢声笑语中结束了。
我第一次当小老师,既收获了成功,又收获了欢笑。虽然往事不再,但它已成为我记忆中的珍宝。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
整体教学是一种教学思想,不应单纯地被看为一种教学方法。整体教学思想是现代外语教育教学研究的重大成果,是社会发展和中学教育教学的目标对于外语教学的需要。外语教学和教研人员都应该认识到:整体教学是现代外语教育教学理论和实践研究的成果所确定的。现代外语教育教学理论和实践研究得出为众多外语教学流派所公认的结论有3条:
(1)部分之和不等于整体。
语言是个活的机体,不能切割成一块一块地去学。学习了某种语言一条条、一项项的知识,绝不等于掌握了语言整体。
(2)语言知识不等于语言运用。
语音、语法、词汇等只属于语言的结构体系。语音、语法、词汇等是语言运用的准备,但不等于语言运用。
(3)语言教学的目的应该是语言运用,而不是语言知识的掌握。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
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