四级作文偏离主题了怎么算分【一】
2013年上映的热播历史大剧《楚汉传奇》在各大卫视播出后争议不断。在渲染秦始皇焚书坑儒的一场戏之中，儒生们集体朗读三字经，因其违背历史常识，遭到了不少网友的吐槽和诟病：《三字经》成书于宋朝之后，秦汉时期的人物怎么可能朗读此书呢？当网友们开足马力炮轰编剧不够专业时，编剧站了出来，在网上晒出了原剧本。人们这才惊讶地发现：原剧本中并没有儒生朗读《三字经》的情节，这个情节是导演根据自己的理解临时加上去的。而导演在细化这场戏的时候，并没有征求编剧的意见，也没有请示相关的专家，于是闹出了这样的笑话。
在我们的邻国韩国，导演擅自修改剧本的事情是绝对不允许发生的。编剧甚至有权力和导演一起参与选角，这就使演员的气质和角色的气质更好地契合在一起。这就保证了《大长今》这样的历史题材电视剧没有史学常识上的错误。但是，也正因为要充分尊重编剧的原意，导演缺乏足够的创作空间，无权修改台词，韩国的电视剧总是拍的非常细腻，情节冗长而拖沓，画面的艺术表现力略显单薄和不足。
所以，无论是导演和演员根据拍摄或演绎的需要修改剧本，还是编剧才有权力修改剧本，这两种做法中，单纯的任意一种都不能使一部电视剧尽善尽美。一部好的影视作品，只有编剧、导演、演员共同商议，共同参与，才能让这部影视作品在真、善、美各个层面趋于完美。
世事如棋，人生如剧。如果把我们的社会生活看做是一幕大剧，那么剧本就是我们的社会规则。简而言之，世间的社会规则有三类：情、理、法，但最具有强制性和约束力的就是法律、法规。所以，我们的人大代表和行政法规的制定者实际上就是社会这幕大剧剧本的编写者，由他们负责从社会现象中抽取出情和理，形成强制性的法律来对人们的行为进行约束。而我们的行政者和社会主义公民，正是这幕大戏中的导演和演员：行政者像导演一样，追求的是更好的执行效果；公民像演员一样，希望能在规则的约束下更好地演绎好自己的社会角色。既然剧本的修改需要由导演、编剧和演员来共同完成，那么社会规则这个大剧本的修改，也必须由立法者、执政者和社会主义公民共同参与，才能保证我们的法律更加完备、更加健全，执行效果才会更好。
而在当今的中国，法律的制定和完善，还有很多不尽如人意的地方。以“是否应该体罚学生”为例，教育专家、法律专家和人大代表作为法律的制定者，多坚持自己的教育价值理念，主张循循善诱的教育方式，不主张体罚学生，因此把“教育工作者不允许体罚或变相体罚学生”写入了法律；而在执行的层面上，孩子的天性中都有不符合社会规则的一面，有时候孩子的认知能力有限，没有暴力威慑作为后盾，单独讲道理，教育的效果往往大打折扣。而一旦进行体罚，教育工作者们就极为容易触及到法律的边缘。这样一来，法律难以约束执行，执行往往不依法律，一旦法律作为显性的社会规则不起作用，那么隐性的潜规则便会甚嚣尘上。
我们再来看看，同样是面对“孩子应不应该面临体罚的问题”，英国人是怎么解决的呢？和中国的专家学者一样，英国的教育专家们最初也坚决主张不实行体罚；可是很快就发现既有的教育理念执行不下去。于是，议员、教育领域和法律领域的专家和学者，以及来自教学一线的校长和老师们坐在一起，共同探讨有效解决问题的`方式：他们对体罚进行了更加严格的限制，制定了更加细致的实施细则，比如，工作不满三年的教师没有权利对学生进行体罚；对学生进行体罚的工具的长度、宽度、材料等等都有严格的限定；每次对学生体罚之前都要通知家长和校长批准。这样一来，既忠于了法律这个社会生活的“剧本”，贯彻了正确的教育理念和价值追求，又使社会成员作为“导演和演员”在执行的层面起到了良好的教育效果，较为有效地约束了孩子不符合社会规则的天性。
英国人解决问题的思路对我国具有宝贵的借鉴意义。一个现代民主国家，社会规则这个“剧本”的修改，一定不是作为“编剧”的专家学者、法律制定者或者作为“导演”的政策执行者单独就能够说了算的，一定是“编剧”“导演”和“演员”共同协商的结果，这样制定出来的政策才能既符合价值追求，又具有实际效果，充分照顾到各方的利益，使我们的社会生活这幕剧更加丰富多彩，更有时代气息。
四级作文偏离主题了怎么算分【二】
Dear Mary,
You said in your letter that many of your classmates wore fashionableclothes, but you couldn't afford them so you felt very depressed. There are dif-ferent views on people's clothes. The followings are my ideas:
Firstly, you shouldn't put too much emphasis on physical appearance.
Remember that the most important task for you today is to concentrate on yourstudies. No matter what you wear, you will really look your best when youcome out first in your examinations.
Secondly, you should understand that it is a fine virtue to live in fru-gality. Just as a famous saying goes, Frugality is the mother of virtue.
Since your family can't provide you with enough money to buy fashionableclothes, it is all the more necessary for you to try to lighten the financialburden of your family. And you will find the virtue of frugality benefit youa lot in your future life.
I hope you understand what I mean. Hope you will take a positive attitudetowards life and will be happy again when you read my letter.
Yours,
Anne
四级作文偏离主题了怎么算分【三】
春天， 万物复苏，小河水哗哗地顺流而下； 活泼机灵的小鸟们在枝头喳喳地纵情歌唱； 小草们神不知鬼不觉地从地下探出了脑袋，大地换上了绿色的新衣； 小野花们争先恐后地展示着自己的美丽； 一棵棵大树好像正在返老还童， 抽出嫩黄色的新芽；。年迈的`凤凰木也紧跟着春天的步伐， 吐出米粒大小的嫩叶， 就像刚出生的婴儿那般娇嫩。
夏天，太阳像一个火炉似地炙烤着地面。凤凰木的叶子早已变成了深绿色，枝条也向四周扩展了许多，变成了一把绿色的大伞。当太阳透过茂密的树叶筛下一束束金光时， 美丽的凤凰花绽开了一张张笑脸，好像给凤凰木披上了红色的霞衣。
秋天，凤凰树的叶子慢慢地变成了金黄色，在微风吹拂下纷纷飘落下来， 给地面铺上了一层厚厚的金色地毯。课间十分钟，我和小伙伴们在凤凰树下尽情地玩耍、嬉闹，甭提有多高兴了。
冬天，刺骨的寒风从耳边呼呼地刮过，古老的凤凰木褪去了繁华，仿佛一个弯着腰、知识渊博的老学者，正在讲述着她一百多年来的沧桑岁月， 并勉励我们克服各种困难、勤奋学习，成为对国家有贡献的人才。
这就是我们百年老校的百年古树---凤凰木。
四级作文偏离主题了怎么算分【四】
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先，提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段：提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段：正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段：摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次，提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性，连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity：段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛，也不可太具体，做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明，另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence：关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰，层层展开。
完整性(completeness：以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头，这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次，提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型：It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单，注意练习并接句的使用，会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as，如：
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头，句式简单，我们可以通过把since提前改变句式，如：
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后，提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法：millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论，辩论”的意思，而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.，相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略：使用最近所学的单词，如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后，我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文，以供参考：
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
