Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
到中流击水,浪遏飞舟。——题记
青春,是一座桥,一座幼稚单纯通向睿智坚强的桥。恰同学少年,风华正茂,尽是追求,尽是拼搏,让我们与老师、与同学携手走进青春感受这奋进昂扬的美好时光。
师生斗智求真知
阳光泼洒在窗棂,数学老师正在给我们手舞足蹈讲课。“正多边形对称轴是它每一个边的中垂线,条数是它的边数!”这洪亮的声音充满威严,让人觉那仿佛是不容置疑的.真理。可是,一丝思维的火花在脑中闪过:“正方形的两条对角线也是对称轴呀!所有的正偶数边形都有与对角线重叠的对称轴”。老师显然错了!课后,我立即追上他,告诉他我的想法,他迟疑片刻说:“你画图没有,几何画图就明白了!教书几十年,我心中有数!”他的语气坚定自信,又语重心长。一旁的同学说:“老师是大数学家,你一个学生就不要和专家争了。”老师笑了笑,起身想离开。我不甘心,立即用笔画图给他看。老师抬抬眼镜,疑惑地看着图形上的线条——正方形的确有与对角线重合的对称轴!他显得惊讶,紧锁着眉头,手摸下頦,看了良久。终于,他舒展眉毛,对我说:“哎呀,老师还真弄错了……正偶数边形还有与对角线重合的对称轴!”大家会心地笑了。
让我们与老师一起追求知识和真理,携手走进青春!
同窗助威展风彩
雨丝落在操场,可比赛仍在继续。我正与对手们站在800米赛道的起点线上,哨声一响,箭一般冲了出去。加油声在耳畔,不断响起,似松涛!似雷鸣!迎着风,冒着雨,快步向前,对手们一个个从身边闪过,前方的身影越来越少,我暂时领先为第一!400、300……到最后冲刺的200米,加油的人群中传来一个焦急的声音:“来了!来了!右边,快啊!”余光中,右边的确有了黑影,对手几乎与我持平,这最后竞争的关键时刻来了。“快啊!快啊!……加油!加油!……同学助威声越来越烈,似急促的战鼓,冲锋的号角,我迫使自己的每个细胞都与氧气结合,迸发出奇伟的能量,在同学的鼓励声中,我忘情了,没命了,发狠了,超越对手,险胜夺冠!
让我们与同学一起为荣誉和胜利拼搏,携手走进青春!
青春岁月,来匆匆,去匆匆。曾记否!到中流击水,浪遏飞舟。让我们,永远携手走进青春,收获知识,收获成长,收获无悔青春。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
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