1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
满怀激动的我们,陆续上了校车,前往我们的目的地——文化馆。一路上,虽小雨朦胧,却还是抑制不住我们的兴奋。一路上,我们快乐的哼着歌曲,直到到达文化馆。
到了文化馆之后,我们随即排成四队,手里拿着季阿姨发给我们的参观卷,心情兴奋无比,遐想着文化馆是什么样子。我们先参观了城展馆,我们走走停停,听着季阿姨那绘声绘色的解说,顿时,我们迷上了这里。从许多地方我们就可以觉到创建者是花了很多心思才做好的.这里。瞧那幅棕色的壁画,竟然是用紫砂陶瓷做的,听说紫砂陶瓷非常坚硬,他们能做得这么形象逼真,真是了不起!我们的眼前出现了一幅幅画面,虽然他们工作的很辛苦,却还是一脸其乐融融的景象,非常温馨。经过继续前进,我们又了解到张家港1994年获得了国家卫生城市的称号,2005年获得全国文明城市三连贯等一百七十多奖项,我们有此感叹:我们的这所城市可真厉害啊!当然,我们了解到的只是不只有这些,比如:我们张家港本叫沙洲县,先后用了梁丰、暨阳、白鹿、杨舍这几个名字,但还是于1986年改名为张家港,现在,这几个名字都成为了我们这的景点、建筑的名字,如:梁丰小学、暨阳湖公园……
张家港共有三千九百两公共自行车,一百八十二个服务网点,使用方法也非常简单,只要用市民卡一刷,就行了,关键是要在两个小时之内归还。
接着,我们又去了综合展示馆,在这综合展示馆中,我知道了我们这所城市那振奋人心的口号:团结拼搏,负重奋进,自加压力,敢于争先……
最后,我们去了星海大剧院,放眼一看,那舞台建设在大剧院的前方,非常壮观。数不胜数的座椅展现在面前,原来,这个大剧院共有上下两层,1181个座位,难怪会让我们眼花缭乱。也有去许多明星在这开过演唱会,如:杨坤、张震岳等。
进过这次半日游,是我们了解到了许多有关张家港历史的故事,让我们的知识更加广阔,更加丰富。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
您好!我是东港市大东小学五年五班的学生,我叫堵伟璠,现在已经12岁了。我印象中的东港是一个繁华的家园。柏油马路宽阔而平整,条条大路四通八达,连接了周围的城市,使城市之间的特色产品运送往来,繁荣了东港的经济。柏油马路两旁,是鳞次栉比的高楼大厦,到了夜晚,霓虹灯闪烁,把东港点缀成了一座不夜城。但是,美中不足的是,黄海路大桥下面的大东沟里,淤泥塞满了河道,不仅散发出令人作呕的臭味,而且还堵塞了水流,水变得浑浊不堪,里面的'虾、蟹、鱼、蚌等海产品越来越少,直至再也看不到它们的身影。但是,这点不和谐的因素正在发生改变。现在,我们路过大东沟,能看到挖掘机正挥舞着它的巨型手臂,将大堆大堆的淤泥清理干净,一天天过去了,北侧淤泥已经清理完毕;运输车运来一车车的黄土,推土机正一点点地铺平北侧的堤坝,使它看起来既平整又坚固;这一切正是因为您英明的决策,所以现在大东沟才开始了“整容”的伟大工程。听爸爸说,您还准备在这里建立绿色景观长廊等项目,彻底改变大东沟两岸环境差、水质差的问题。听到这样的消息,我特别高兴。因为大东沟环境变好了,空气会变得更加清新,有益于人们的身心健康,我们儿童也多了一个游乐场所。水质变好了,鱼虾蟹等就会和人们重归于好,回到它们美丽的家园。外地的游客也会慕名而来,既品尝我们这里的特产,又可以观赏这里的优美风景。在您的领导下,东港正发生着日新月异的变化,我虽然还小,但是仍然非常感谢您!请您一定要加油,让我们的家园变成一座远近闻名的绿色环保城市!
祝您身体健康!工作顺利!
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
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