无论是记叙一件事的多个侧面,还是通过几件不同的事来展现一个共同的主题,常常需要从多重内容和多个角度来写人叙事,表现人物和主题,这多重内容和多个角度之间构成并列关系,使文章有了层次感和厚重感,这就是最常见的并列式结构。
如果是写一个人物,我们应该围绕人物的性格选择细节。人物性格是复杂的,往往有着多个侧面,那么,要展现一个人复杂的性格,就应该从两个或者两个以上的侧面去展现,以使人物形象更加丰满而立体。如《项链》中的玛蒂尔德,既有虚荣心极强的一面,也有自尊自爱的一面,作者通过借项链和丢失项链之后的两方面细节对比展开,展现出玛蒂尔德可恨可鄙又可敬可爱的两个侧面,使得人物立体丰满,栩栩如生。
如果记叙文写作中需要围绕一个主题去叙述事实,我们依然可以采用这一章法,即用两个或两个以上不同方面的实例加以表现,通过小和大,名人和普通人,文艺界和体育界,物质和精神等等不同的方面的人物或事例,展现相同的主题或者主题的不同深度。如以“丰收”为主题的`一篇作文,一位同学就选择了两位不同的人的事例加以展现,一是选取了自己的舅舅因种植的西瓜又大又好而获得了“瓜王”的称号和后光荣回村的情节,展现新时代的农民物质上的丰收。接着又用自己在教师节那一天去看望老师,老师书房中满满一面墙上贴满了学生发来的贺卡,展现了辛勤耕耘的教师深受学生爱戴,从而获得精神上的丰收。这样从物质和精神两个层面共同展现出“丰收”的意义,给人深刻的启迪。
运用并列式结构需要注意:并列的几个内容应各自独立,但又紧紧围绕着一个中心(人物性格或主旨);并列的各个部分必须是平行的,注意不要出现交叉或从属。
1.If all those factors are contemplated, the advantages of... carry more weight than those of... From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that...
2.No doubt that we can’t control the problem... unless there is an immediate action... The chance is very good that...
3.From what I have mentioned above, we can see clearly that violence on TV has (a great influence on young adults’ behavior. Therefore, one can naturally reach this conclusion that...
4.In conclusion, .../In short, .../All in all, .../By and large .../To summarize...
5.In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of... Only in this way can... in the future.
6.Taking into account all these factors offered above, we may carefully reach the conclusion that...
7.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that...
8.This fact provides strong reason for thinking that..., thus... is actually preferable to ... rather than the reverse.
9.Judging from all given evidences, we can safely come to the decision that...
10.With the two opposite opinions discussed above, it is clear that neither of them is reasonable. As for ...I think, the latter... .If, on the other hand, the former...
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