我们告别了响沙弯沙漠,出发到大草原。一路上我都在想象古诗里所描写的景象:天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊。到了草原,却令我失望,那里的草只有巴掌一样高,有些地方还裸露着土地。听导游小姐说,东北的草原才像古诗里描写的一样,我们所在地为内蒙古西部,由于缺水,所以草长得不是很高。
我们一下车,就看见热情好客的内蒙古人,端着酒杯,唱着民歌列队迎接我们的到来。映入眼帘的是一排排整齐的蒙古包,我们当晚就住在蒙古包里。
接下来大家组织了骑马活动。我来草原最大的愿望就是能骑着骏马,在草原上奔跑。开始的时候,马儿慢腾腾地走着,一点都不过瘾,来到了牧民家,我们品尝了他们自制的奶茶,我还换上了一套民族服装,拍了很多漂亮的照片呢!回来的时候,我勇敢多了,后面的马倌一声“驾”,我的马立刻奔跑起来,我抓紧缰绳,一边跑,还一边学着马倌的样子“驾驾”地叫着,大家都朝我竖起大拇指,我真正感受到了骑马的感觉。夜幕已经降临,我们回到了蒙古包,吃好晚饭,还观看了篝火晚会。
让我记忆犹新的是草原观日出。清晨,我四点就起来了,草原上笼罩着一层薄雾,天刚刚亮的时候,东边天空一片红色,慢慢的,空中出现了一片红色的彩霞,像搭起了一座彩桥。过了一会儿,羞答答的太阳露出了半个脸,很快,调皮地跳出了地平线,我还拍了一张手托太阳的照片,像托着一颗璀璨的明珠。草原日出的景象真的好美啊!
第二天,我恋恋不舍地离开了,望着那一望无际的草原,我在心里默默地说:美丽的草原啊,你让我如痴如醉,流连忘返。
今年暑假,姑姑带着我和姐姐去内蒙古坝上草原玩。
到达目的地,还未下车,我就被眼前的美景深深地迷住了。那里的草一望无际,像一张巨大的绿色地毯,黄绿色的草尖就像地毯上的绒毛。绿色的地毯上遍布着五颜六色的野花,绚丽多彩,让人惊艳。我真想躺到上面,舒舒服服地睡上一觉。这样想着,我走入及膝的草地,眺望远方,感觉心旷神怡,忍不住大声地呐喊了一声,游客们受到感染,也纷纷地喊起来。这时,我看到草原上还有成群的绵羊,白白的一大片,让我想到了“风吹草低见牛羊。”
我们跟随着导游来到百花坡,看到了许多从未见过的奇花异草,听姑姑说这里有九百多种中草药,即可以欣赏,又可以治病救人。
游完百花坡,我们去草原上骑马,这最让我激动和兴奋。在马上,我可以看得更高更远,真想策马奔腾,飞驰在草原上。可是,当养马阿姨真的'让马跑起来时,我又害怕地闭上眼睛,紧紧地抓住缰绳,耳边响起呼呼的风声。到达终点时,我已经筋疲力尽,一身冷汗,真惭愧呀!这时我看到三个蒙古汉子骑着俊马,在草原上奔驰,一手拉缰绳,一手挥舞着马鞭,长发随风飘扬,真是让人惊叹不已。
太阳渐渐下山了,天上的云朵变得红一块紫一块,像仙女织出的彩缎,绚丽华贵。太阳只剩下小半张脸,外面还有一圈红红的光韵,释放出它最后的能量。我看着这样的美景,恋恋不舍地回宾馆了。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
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