一个人的一生就像不断地砌墙,砌得越高,离生命最终的美丽越近。聪明的人懂得自己垒高自己,让生命变得出类拔萃。一个皮革商喜欢钓鱼,他经常去的地方是纽芬兰渔场。可是有一年冬天的一个早晨,皮革商来到了这个渔场的时候。海面上已经结冰了,皮革商费了很大的力气才在结冰的海上凿了个洞,然后开始钓鱼。他看到一个很有意思的现象:钓的鱼一放到冰上很快就冻得硬邦邦的了,而且只要冰不融化,鱼过个三五天也不变味。难道食物结了冰就可以保鲜?于是他做了一些关于这方面的实验,最终他成功的发现了这个原理。他就是世界上第一代冰箱的发明者—美国人巴尔卡。巴尔卡是懂得怎样垒高自己的人,巴尔卡的垒高表现在他具备一种发现的目光,表现在他具有一种过人的毅力。假如他只是一个纯粹的渔夫,那么也不会制照出对我们作用广泛的冰箱。假如巴尔卡当时没有凿冰的话,他也不会有这方面的成就。所以收获是播种的孪生兄弟,巴尔卡经过奋斗,终于实现了自己的梦想。
一个人垒高自己有多种方法,你是一个懦弱的人,让咱自己变的坚强是一种垒高;你是一个独立的人,使自己学会仅是一种垒高;你是一个浮躁的人,静下心来专心致志,完成一件事就是垒高。人的价值不在于拥有多高的地位,也不在于你获得多少金钱,而在于垒高自己,实现生命的本质超越,精神的生命像物质的.生命一样。时刻需要保鲜氧气,垒高自己就是最好的氧气之一。
追求是人生积极的生存态度;有追求的人生,才是有意义的人生;追求就是不断垒高自己。正如高尔基所说“一个人追求的目标越高,他的才力就发展得越快,对社会的贡献也就越大。”美格拉底的同乡,也是同学。他们的爱好基本一致,都喜欢读书,喜欢研究哲学。但有所不同的是,美格拉底一本接一本地出书,而苏格拉底却一本书也没有出。美格拉底不禁有些飘飘然,每次见到苏格拉底都摆出一副很了不起的样子。苏格拉底的学生实在看不过去,对苏格拉底说:“您为什么不出书呢,您的学问比他丰富多了?”苏格拉底说:“我们追求的不一样,他追求的是书的数量,只安于此本分,可我所追求的是耐人寻味的真理,真理是一种无边界,它需要不断的积累,不断的垒高自己,用足够的墙块来筑起足以防御的城墙存放真理。”时间就像一把淘金的筛子。许多年以后,苏格拉底所研究的真理仍被人们不断探索着而美格拉底的书却一本也没有流传下来。
安于本分,不求进取,就不可能垒高自己,不可能迈向更高的目标。无论是谁都应该相信“世界上没有越不过的高峰,没有办不成的事情”,只有垒高自己,有所追求,才能知道大树的挺拔,长江的伟岸,大海的浩瀚……
有人认为有了理想和奋斗,成功就要到来,就可以去追求财富和名望,但我却认为不应只以个人利益为出发点,而应有科学、崇高的理想。
古往今来,许多著名的人他们都因理想而奋斗着,他们为了追求更高的目标而努力。
诺贝尔在4年的时间里,进行了400次试验,发生了好几次惊险的爆炸事件。有一次,整个实验室都炸飞了,诺贝尔的弟弟和其他四位助手当场炸,诺贝尔的父亲因为伤心、惊吓而半身瘫痪,诺贝尔当时没在场捡了一条命。许多人都劝他放弃,可他却说:“创造新事物哪有不冒险的,我不怕。”他的邻居也因为害怕向政府提出见意。但他却把试验搬到了一条船上。最后获得成功。
只有在奋斗中,我们能真正的体验到生命所赋予我们的真正的价值所在。但只有理想做基础,奋斗才会有闪光的一面。
“妇人之见”短浅,我们不应学习她的品格,同样,人的道路只局限于平时的一贯规律,那这与“妇人之见”又有何区别?理想、奋斗才是我们应该追求的境竟,它可以使我们在奋斗中找到快乐,为理想而奋斗,同样,它也可以让世界的更多闪光点展现出来。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
古人云:“书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟。”在我看来则是:“书山有路趣为径,学海无涯乐作舟。”
在书中,没有时间和空间的限制。
我畅游在书的海洋,与王维一起去“明月松间照,清泉石上流”的人间佳境,与他一起“行到水穷处,坐看云起时。”我会和李清照乘上那片诗的扁舟,在黄昏时共饮一杯酒,分担她:“帘卷西风,人比黄花瘦”的相思忧愁,她那“物是人非事事休,欲语泪先流”的悲伤
我漫步在幽静的花园,与李太白一起“举杯邀明月,”感受他:“天生我材必有用,千金散尽还复来”人生价值的宣言,体会他作为一个天才诗人的高度自信、乐观豪放的写照。我会与李厚祖在高楼上,倾听他“问君能有几多愁,恰是一江春水向东流”的强烈亡国之痛,描绘他作为一个薄命君主的悲苦境遇
我激情澎湃与施耐庵的《水浒传》。我漫步在梁山山下,目睹梁山一百零八好汉行侠仗义、除暴安良的英雄壮举。我激情与武松除恶蜈蚣岭;澎湃与他斗西门庆。我更为林冲这等英雄好汉受到百般迫害而气愤。
我叹息于曹雪芹的《红楼梦》。我悲伤于贾宝玉和林黛玉的爱情故事。我为香菱感到惋惜,同时也对她心生佩服之情。佩服她一个孤苦女子,痴心与学诗,欣赏她对艺术的崇拜,同情她苦苦找一个精神上的寄托。
歌德曾说:“一本书一个世界。”我踩着趣铺成的路,乐作成的舟,游遍大江南北,畅游古今中外。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
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